INGLISH 


.H.GOLDBERGEK 


ENGLISH 
FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 


BY 

HENRY    H.    GOLDBERGER 

PRINCIPAL  OF  PUBLIC   SCHOOL   1 8,   NEW   YORK  CITY 

INSTRUCTOR  IN  METHODS  OF  TEACHING   ENGLISH   TO  FOREIGNERS, 

COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY 


ILLUSTRATED 


CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS 

NEW  YORK.  CHICAGO  BOSTON  ATLANTA 

SAN  FRANCISCO  DALLAS 


COPYRIGHT,  1918,  BY 
CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS 


Printed  in  the  United  States  of  America 


All  rights  reserved.  No  part  of  this  book 
may  be  reproduced  in  any  form  without 
the  permission  of  Charles  Scribner's  Sons 


TO  MY  WIFE 


2091837 


FOREWORD 

The  World  War  has  brought  home  to  us,  now  as  never 
before,  the  need  for  effectively  Americanizing  the  millions  of 
non-English-speaking  residents  of  the  United  States.  The 
first  and  perhaps  the  most  important  step  in  this  process  is 
the  acquisition  of  English,  the  tongue  in  which  America 
thinks  and  expresses  itself;  for  although  the  bonds  of 
language  are  thinner  than  air,  they  are  more  binding  than 
strongest  links  of  iron. 

The  foreigner  in  this  country  has,  relatively,  a  greater 
need  for  knowing  how  to  speak  English  than  he  has  for 
knowing  how  to  read,  and  he  has  a  far  greater  need  for 
knowing  how  to  read  than  he  has  for  knowing  how  to  write. 
Moreover,  language  teachers  are  agreed  that  speaking  is 
the  psychological  basis  for  reading  and  writing,  and  not 
that  reading  and  writing  are  the  psychological  bases  for 
Jspeaking.  On  this  principle  the  content  of  the  book  has 
been  largely  selected  and  organized. 

The  lessons  have  been  written  with  the  purpose  of  being 
usable  at  once  by  the  learner  in  expressing  his  needs  in  Eng- 
lish to  English-speaking  people.  In  learning  a  language 
nothing  is  more  encouraging  than  to  be  able  to  make  oneself 
understood,  even  though  it  be  only  in  one  sentence.  It 


vi  FOREWORD 

must  be  remembered  that  most  of  our  foreigners  are 
adults  learning  a  new  language  under  extreme  difficulties, 
and  academic  instruction  in  English  is,  perhaps,  the  chief 
reason  why  so  few  foreigners  have  taken  the  trouble  to 
acquire  our  language  in  the  schools. 

Logically,  the  word  is  simpler  than  the  sentence,  but 
psychologically  the  sentence  is  simpler  than  the  word. 
The  unit  of  advance  is  not,  therefore,  the  single  word  but 
rather  the  sentence,  or,  better  still,  the  topic.  No  one 
ever  was  able  to  use  a  language  by  learning  the  words 
dictionary  fashion.  Words  in  this  book  are,  therefore, 
taught  in  their  proper  settings  in  sentences  with  their 
proper  associates  rather  than  as  disparate  facts. 

The  school  furnishes  neither  the  atmosphere  nor  the 
situations  in  which  foreigners  must  express  themselves 
in  English  on  any  but  school  topics.  Imaginative  situa- 
tions by  means  of  dramatization  can,  however,  duplicate 
life  conditions  and  can  be  as  compelling  as  life  itself.  The 
varied  aspects  of  life — home,  vocational,  recreational,  edu- 
cational, spiritual — have  been  drawn  upon  to  furnish  topics 
for  conversation  and  to  supply  the  necessary  idiomatic 
English. 

The  author  acknowledges  his  debt  to  the  many  teachers 
who  have  served  under  him  and  upon  whose  experience 
he  has  not  hesitated  to  draw. 

NEW  YORK  CITY,  September,  1918. 


CONTENTS 

PAGE 

PRINCIPLES  OF  METHOD xi 

LESSON 

I.    IN  SCHOOL i 

II.    LEARNING  TO  SPEAK  ENGLISH 3 

III.  To  OPEN  THE  DOOR     . 5 

IV.  GOING  TO  SCHOOL     7 

V.    WASHING  MY  HANDS 9 

VI.     GETTING  A  DRINK  or  WATER 10 

VII.    To  BATHE 12 

VIII.    HE  AND  I 14 

IX.    To  TAKE  A  BATH  IN  THE  OCEAN 16 

X.    NUMBERS     18 

XI.    IN  THE  SCHOOLROOM 20 

XII.    THE  DOCTOR 22 

XIII.  EATING  BREAKFAST 24 

XIV.  THE  BODY 26 

XV.    THE  BODY  (CONTINUED) 27 

XVI.    MY  ROOM 29 

XVII.    MAKING  A  BED 31 

XVIII.    LESSON  ON  PAST  TIME 32 

XLX.    PICTURES  FOR  CONVERSATION 36 

XX.    THE  TAILOR 37 

XXI.    LOOKING  FOR  WORK 39 

XXII.    THE  CUTTER 41 

XXIII.  REVIEW  EXERCISES 42 

XXIV.  MY  JOURNEY  TO  AMERICA 44 

vii 


Vlll 


CONTENTS 


LESSON  PACK 

XXV.  THE  WEEK 46 

XXVI.  TELLING  TIME 48 

XXVII.  REVIEW  EXERCISES 50 

XXVIII.  Ax  HOME 51 

XXLX.  To  MAKE  A  FIRE 54 

XXX.  HOURS  01  WORK 55 

XXXI.  THE  BAKKRY 56 

XXXII.  COLORS 58 

XXXIII.  REVIEW  EXERCISES 59 

XXXrV.  NUMBER  EXERCISES 61 

XXXV.  UNITED  STATES  MONEY 62 

XXXVI.  FRACTIONS •  .   .   .   .  65 

XXXVII.  DEPOSITING  MONEY 67 

XXXVIIL  TAKING  m  WASHING     .  - 69 

XXXLX.  AT  THE  RESTAURANT 71 

XL.  IN  THE  BARBER-SHOP 73 

XLI.  MY  FAMILY 75 

XLII.  ADJECTIVES 77 

XLIII.  TIME-TABLE 78 

XLIV.  NEGATIVE  STATEMENTS 81 

XLV.  Do,  DOES 82 

XLVI.  TIME-TABLE     84 

XLVH.  POSSESSIVES     85 

XLVIIL  POSSESSIVES  (CONTINUED)     87 

XLDC.  PULLMAN  CARS 88 

L.  MILK 90 

LI.  RELATIVE  PRONOUNS 92 

LII.  AM,  Is,  ARE     93 

LIII.  CONVERSATION  ABOUT  TRAINS     ........  95 

LIV.  RENTING  A  FLAT 97 

LV.  AN  ACCIDENT 99 

LVI.  BOOTS  AND  SHOES  MADE  TO  ORDER,  FINE  RE- 
PAIRING DONE  .  101 


CONTENTS 


IX 


LESSON  PAGE 

LVII.  BUYING  SHOES     103 

LVIII.  REVIEW 106 

LIX.  BUYING  A  HAT 109 

LX.  SINGULAR  AND  PLURAL in 

LXI.  CONTRACTIONS 112 

LXII.  WORDS  THAT   TELL    "How"    OR   "!N  WHAT 

MANNER" 114 

LXIII.  PREPOSITIONS 116 

LXIV.  THE  PROGRESSIVE  FORM 118 

LXV.  ASKING  YOUR  WAY 120 

LXVI.  FORMS  USED  IN  LETTERS 122 

LXVII.  LETTER  ASKING  FOR  INFORMATION      124 

LXVIII.  NUMBER  EXERCISES 127 

LXLX.  ORDERING  GOODS  BY  MAIL 129 

LXX.  LETTER  OF  COMPLAINT 130 

LXXI.  NOTICE  OF  REMOVAL 131 

LXXII.  LETTER  OF  COMPLAINT 133 

LXXIII.  ADDRESSING  AN  ENVELOPE 134 

LXXIV.  EXCUSE  FOR  ABSENCE 135 

LXXV.  AT  THE  THEATRE 137 

LXXVI.  You 140 

LXXVII.  IN  A  DEPARTMENT  STORE     142 

LXXVIII.  CONVERSATION  EXERCISES 144 

LXXLX.  PUBLIC  SIGNS 146 

LXXX.  CONVERSATION  LESSON  ON  SIGNS 148 

LXXXI.  THE  WEATHER 150 

LXXXII.  CONVERSATION  ON  THE  WEATHER 152 

LXXXIII.  CONVERSATION  ON  TRADE-SCHOOLS 154 

LXXXIV.  HE,  SHE,  IT,  THEY 156 

LXXXV.  His,  HER,  THEIR 157 

LXXXVI.  VEGETABLES      159 

LXXXVII.  THEATRE  EXITS 161 

LXXXVIII.  PRESENT  PERFECT  .  16^ 


CONTENTS 

LESSON  PAGE 

LXXXIX.    THE  SEASONS 165 

XC.     SAFETY  FIRST 168 

XCI.    AN  INVITATION  TO  THE  THEATRE 171 

XCII.    CHANGING  POSITION 174 

XCIII.     CHANGING  POSITION  (CONTINUED) 177 

XCIV.  How  MR.  NELSON  FURNISHED  His  FLAT     .    .  180 
XCV.  How  MR.  NELSON  FURNISHED  His  FLAT  (CON- 
TINUED)    183 

XCVI.    OUR  SCHOOL  DANCE 186 

XCVII.    THE  POLICEMAN 188 

XCVIII.    THE  POST-OFFICE 191 

XCEX.    CASH  OR  CREDIT 197 

C.    WHAT  Is  YOUR  ADVICE? 199 

CI.    OBTAINING  A  LICENSED 201 

CII.    WHAT  To  Do  IN  CASE  OF  FIRE 204 

CHI.    FIRE  PREVENTION 206 

CIV.    MOSQUITOES 210 

CV.    WHAT  THEY  LEARNED 212 

CVI.    OUR  FOOD 215 

CVII.    OUR  PATRIOTIC  ASSEMBLY     217 

CVIII.  BECOMING  A  CITIZEN  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  .  222 

CIX.  BECOMING  A  CITIZEN  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 

(CONTINUED) 224 

CX.  BECOMING  A  CITIZEN  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 

(CONCLUDED) 227 

CXI.    QUESTIONS 229 


APPENDIX 


231 


PRINCIPLES   OF    METHOD 

The  content  as  well  as  the  methods  of  teaching  English 
to  foreigners  is  controlled  by  principle  rather  than  by 
caprice.  Desirable  as  it  would  be  to  teach  our  non- 
English-speaking  people  all  that  is  usually  included  under 
the  head  of  English,  it  is  manifestly  impossible  to  do  so. 
Everything  cannot  be  taught  at  once;  some  things  are  of 
more  pressing  value  than  others,  and  some  basis  must  be 
had  for  further  growth  and  development.  Moreover,  im- 
migrant pupils  do  not  subject  themselves  to  instruction 
for  long  enough  periods  to  warrant  undertaking  and  plan- 
ning a  " thorough"  course  in  English  during  the  first  criti- 
cal term  of  their  instruction.  Unless  some  basis  for  select- 
ing vocabulary,  sentence-structure,  topics  for  discussion, 
conversation,  reading,  and  writing  be  at  hand,  the  teach- 
ing must  necessarily  be  haphazard,  unorganized,  formal, 
and  academic.  Such  instruction  in  the  past  has  been  re- 
sponsible for  the  relatively  slight  attractiveness  of  Eng- 
lish classes  for  adult  foreign-born  pupils  and  for  the  school's 
consequent  failure  to  Americanize  them. 

The  Principle  of  Use 

Non-English-speaking  immigrants  in  America  have  an 
immediate  need  to  learn  such  English  as  will  enable  them 
to  find  their  way  among  English-speaking  people,  to  im- 


xii  PRINCIPLES    OF   METHOD 

prove  their  conditions,  to  escape  injury,  and  to  make  known 
their  immediate  pressing  daily  needs.  They  must  be 
taught  English  which  they  can  therefore  use  at  once  to 
satisfy  these  immediate  pressing  needs  not  only  because 
the  needs  are  pressing  but  because  the  satisfaction  of 
present  desires  is  the  surest  guarantee  of  the  development 
of  future  larger  needs  in  learning  English.  To  the  for- 
eigner, ability  to  speak  English  is  of  greater  value  than 
ability  to  read  English;  the  former  gives  him  the  power  to 
communicate  his  thoughts,  the  latter  the  power  of  receiving 
the  thoughts  of  others.  Writing  in  English  is  even  less 
necessary  for  the  foreigner  than  is  reading,  because  his  writ- 
ing is  limited  by  his  desire  to  communicate  with  English- 
speaking  people  in  letter  forms. 

Not  only  is  speaking  more  vitally  necessary  for  for- 
eigners learning  English  in  America  than  are  either  read- 
ing or  writing,  but  it  is  also  psychologically  and  peda- 
gogically  the  basis  for  reading,  as  reading  is  the  basis  for 
writing.  Hence  the  emphasis  in  this  book  at  all  tunes  on 
conversational  English  which  the  pupil  can  immediately 
use  outside  of  the  classroom  and  which  at  the  same  time 
serves  to  stimulate  his  desire  to  read  and  to  write. 

The  process  of  speaking  English  is  a  highly  complicated 
one,  requiring  many  minute  skilful  adjustments,  and,  like 
all  other  abilities  requiring  skill,  can  be  acquired  only  in 
use,  in  practice,  and  not  in  vacua.  Professor  John  Dewey 
tells  us  of  a  school  which  attempted  to  teach  swimming  by 
letting  the  pupils  go  through  the  motions  on  dry  land 


PRINCIPLES    OF   METHOD  xiii 

until  they  were  able  to  move  arms  and  legs  in  the  pre- 
scribed manner.  Some  one  asked  a  pupil  what  happened 
when  he  got  into  the  water.  "Sunk"  was  the  answer., 
Skill  in  using  a  language,  and  particularly  the  English 
language,  cannot  be  acquired  by  going  through  the  mo- 
tions. We  cannot  teach  foreigners  conjugations,  declen- 
sions, isolated  words,  and  expect  them  to  know  anything  else 
but  conjugations,  declensions,  and  isolated  words.  If  they 
use  English  sentences  in  making  known  their  thoughts  it 
will  be  in  spite  of,  not  because  of,  such  instruction. 

Professor  Sweet  calls  attention  to  the  "arithmetical 
fallacy"  in  teaching  languages.  He  means  by  that  that 
a  language  is  not  the  sum  of  all  its  parts.  Knowing  ten, 
twenty,  fifty,  or  two  hundred  individual  isolated  words  will 
not  enable  a  learner  to  put  them  together  in  those  permuta- 
tions and  combinations  which  we  call  idiomatic  English. 
Furthermore,  learning  isolated  words  is  the  most  expensive 
and  least  fruitful  process,  because  the  mind  does  not  ac- 
quire easily  or  retain  for  long  impressions  which  are  not 
connected,  bound  up,  or  associated  with  other  impressions. 
Teaching  a  language  means  establishing  neural  pathways — 
associations — between  objects,  experiences,  or  ideas  and  the 
conventional  symbols  which  represent  those  ideas.  Single 
words  are  not  easily  remembered  because  the  mind  has 
nothing  with  which  to  remember  them,  whereas  a  word  in  a 
meaningful  series,  i.  e.,  the  sentence,  is  remembered  easily 
because  the  other  words  in  the  sentence  help  to  reinstate  it. 

Teachers  who  desire  their  pupils  to  use  English  as  a  means 


xiv  PRINCIPLES    OF   METHOD 

of  communication  have  long  since  abandoned  the  proc- 
ess of  building  a  vocabulary  of  individual  words  and  of 
teaching  these  words  as  isolated  elements.  In  this  book 
a  vocabulary  is  built  up  in  use,  in  sentences  which  are 
usable  at  once  just  as  they  are  learned  in  the  classroom. 
This  is  not  only  sound  pedagogy  but  sound  practice.  The 
foreigner  demands,  and  is  entitled  to  receive,  instruction 
which  he  may  turn  to  use  at  once,  and  he  resists  and  there- 
fore refuses  to  continue  under  instruction  which  promises 
him  potential  ability  in  the  remote  future. 

Logical  and  Psychological  Considerations 

When  the  teacher  or  the  author  of  a  book  is  conscious 
primarily  of  his  subject-matter  he  develops  it  according 
to  the  logic  of  his  subject.  Logically,  the  letters  of  the 
alphabet,  syllables,  and  single  words  ought  to  be  taught 
before  sentences.  Psychologically,  however, — when  we  are 
thinking  of  the  learner, — the  sentence  is  easier  than  the  sin- 
gle word,  the  syllable,  or  the  letter,  because  it  has  value, 
interest,  and  meaning  for  the  learner.  Psychological  rather 
than  logical  considerations  determine  for  the  teacher  his 
order  of  procedure  and  for  an  author  of  a  text-book  for 
foreigners  the  organization  of  his  material.  The  lessons 
in  this  book  appear,  therefore,  in  their  psychological  rather 
than  in  their  logical  order.  Logically,  all  lessons  on  verbs 
might  have  been  grouped  and  arranged  in  the  order  of 
their  grammatical  importance.  The  lessons  on  school 
topics  might  have  been  arranged  to  follow  each  other  in 


PRINCIPLES    OF   METHOD  xv 

one  part  of  the  book;  the  lessons  on  industries  might  have 
followed  in  another  part  of  the  book.  This  arrangement, 
while  satisfying  the  logic  of  the  subject-matter,  would  have 
been  of  little  value  either  to  the  teacher  or  to  the  learner. 
Instead,  in  arranging  the  sequence  of  lessons  the  author  has 
chosen  to  be  guided  by  such  psychological  considerations  as — 

1.  What  is  most  useful,  most  interesting,  most  vitally 

necessary  for  the  learner. 

2.  What  will  stimulate  him  to  acquire  new  needs  and 

interests  in  learning  English. 

3.  What  is  the  order  of  difficulty  in  acquiring  the  ability 

to  speak  English  as  a  second  language  and  then  to 
read  it  and  to  write  it. 

HOW  TO  USE  THE  BOOK 

Oral  Development 

Every  lesson  consists  of  two  parts:  the  texts  and  exer- 
cises based  on  the  texts.  Since  language  is  learned  pri- 
marily through  the  ear,  the  subject-matter  of  a  text  must 
in  all  cases  be  developed  orally  by  means  of  dramatizations 
and  of  objects.  In  developing  the  lesson  the  teacher  per- 
forms the  act — shows  the  object,  or  a  picture  of  the  object, 
and  speaks  the  accompanying  sentence,  e.g.:  "I  take  my 
hat  off."  She  then  calls  upon  several  pupils  in  turn  to  per- 
form the  act  and  speak  the  sentence.  When  the  entire 
lesson  has  thus  been  developed,  and  when  the  pupils  under- 
stand the  meaning  of  every  sentence  in  the  lesson,  they  are 


xvi  PRINCIPLES   OF   METHOD 

instructed  to  open  their  books  to  the  proper  page.  Now 
the  eye  is  called  upon  to  help  out  the  ear.  The  teacher 
once  more  performs  the  acts  and  reads  the  sentences  in  the 
book.  The  pupils  are  again  called  upon  to  perform  the  act 
and  at  the  same  time  to  read  the  sentences  in  the  book. 
Thus  a  double  association  will  be  established  between  the 
ideas,  the  spoken  words,  and  the  printed  words. 

The  exercises  following  each  lesson  have  three  functions: 

1.  They  test  the  pupils'  understanding  of  the  English 

sentences  taught  in  the  text. 

2.  They  provide  further  varied  drill  on  sentence  struc- 

ture, which  the  learner  uses  in  conversation. 

3.  They   provide   a   natural  reason — a  motive — for  re- 

reading the  text. 

At  the  beginning,  the  teacher  reads  the  exercises  and  the 
more  advanced  pupils  are  called  upon  to  answer.  Later, 
one  pupil  asks  the  questions  in  the  exercises  and  other 
pupils  answer. 

Number  Work 

Adult  foreigners  have  a  concept  of  number,  and  the 
object  of  number  lessons  in  this  book  is  to  teach  them  a 
new  name  for  concepts  which  they  already  possess.  Ob- 
jects in  the  room,  such  as  desks,  hats,  eyes,  fingers,  etc., 
should  be  counted  and  heights,  distances,  and  weights 
measured  in  English  denominations.  The  exercises  follow- 
ing number  lessons  serve  to  introduce  in  a  conversational 
way  such  simple  operations  as  a  foreigner  must  under- 


PRINCIPLES    OF   METHOD  xvii 

stand.  Other  exercises  will  readily  suggest  themselves  to 
the  teacher  and  should  be  based  entirely  on  the  present 
interest  of  the  learner. 

Physical  Training  (Lesson  XIV) 

The  names  of  the  parts  of  the  body  must  be  taught. 
Instead,  however,  of  teaching  them  artificially,  catalogue 
fashion,  by  pointing  to  them  and  saying,  "This  is  my  hand, 
my  foot,  my  knee,  my  shoulder,  my  hip,"  etc.,  the  names 
of  the  parts  of  the  body  have  been  introduced  into  a  series 
of  setting-up  drills,  valuable  on  their  own  account,  and  at 
the  same  time  teaching  the  meanings  of  the  words  naturally 
and  in  a  context  which  pupils  will  frequently  hear  and  fre- 
quently use.  The  teacher  illustrates  the  meaning  of  each 
order  as  given  and  the  pupils  carry  out  the  directions  by 
imitation.  In  succeeding  lessons  each  pupil  should  be 
called  upon  in  turn  to  give  the  directions  while  the  rest  of 
the  class  obeys  them.  Usually  not  more  than  three  or 
four  exercises  need  be  taken  during  any  one  lesson. 

Conversation 

The  lessons  based  on  conversations  require  pupils  to  make 
use  of  their  previously  acquired  vocabularies  and  gradually 
to  learn  to  think  in  English.  The  teacher  must  encourage 
many  pupils  to  participate  in  the  conversations  and  in  the 
exercises  which  follow  them.  Considerable  interest  may  be 
secured  by  dramatizing  the  situations  and  by  varying  the 
content  of  the  conversation,  as  suggested  in  the  exercises. 


xviii  PRINCIPLES    OF  METHOD 

Reading 

Reading  means  getting  thought  from  the  printed  page. 
Testing  reading  ability  requires  something  more  than  ask- 
ing a  pupil  to  read  aloud.  He  may  be  able  to  "call  words" 
and  yet  the  words  may  carry  no  meaning  to  him.  The 
exercises  following  each  reading  lesson  will  test  the  pupil's 
ability  to  understand  the  thought.  As  an  aid  to  true  read- 
ing, the  following  procedure  is  suggested  to  teachers : 

1.  Introduce  the  reading-matter  orally  by  interesting  the 

pupils  in  the  subject-matter  of  the  lesson.  The 
introduction  may  be  a  discussion  of  a  picture,  a 
previously  related  experience,  or  an  oral  presenta- 
tion of  the  subject-matter  of  the  lesson.  The  oral 
introduction  ought  at  the  same  time  to  make 
clear  to  the  learner  new  language  forms  which  will 
occur  in  the  reading  lesson,  to  teach  him  the  pro- 
nunciation of  words  over  which  he  would  stumble, 
and  to  teach  him  the  rapid  recognition  of  new 
words  on  the  blackboard. 

2.  Read  the  selection  orally  to  the  pupils. 

3.  Let  the  pupils  read  the  selection  silently. 

4.  Test  the  pupils'  comprehension  of  the  reading  material 

by  (a)  conversations — (b)  questions  and  exer- 
cises— (c)  a  dramatization  of  the  situation  de- 
scribed— (d)  requiring  pupils  to  obey  directions 
given. 

5.  Call  upon  a  number  of  pupils  to  read  orally. 


PRINCIPLES    OF  METHOD  xix 

Writing 

The  lessons  and  exercises  requiring  pupils  to  write  have 
been  arranged  in  the  order  of  their  difficulty: 

1.  Copying  words  and  sentences. 

2.  Filling  in  blanks  such  as  "My  name  is .     I  live 

at . 


3.  Answering  such  questions  as  are  given  in  the  exercises. 

At  the  beginning  pupils  are  required  to  supply 
one  or  two  words,  which  they  will  find  in  the  text. 
Later,  pupils  answer  hi  complete  sentences  of  their 
own. 

4.  Dictation  of  easy  sentences  to  be  corrected  by  com- 

parison with  the  text. 

5.  Copying  letter  forms  (see  pages  122,  123). 

6.  Dictation  of  letter  forms. 

7.  Writing  simple  letters  after  the  pupils  have  studied 

the  models.  The  topics  for  original  letters  are 
not  intended  for  all  pupils.  Select  such  letters 
for  your  class  as  will  be  useful. 

Phonics 

Pupils  who  can  read  and  write  hi  their  own  language 
have  little  difficulty  in  learning  the  sounds  of  English  letters 
and  phonograms.  Illiterate  pupils  do  have  such  difficulty, 
and  for  them  the  following  procedure  is  suggested: 


xx  PRINCIPLES    OF   METHOD 

1.  Teach  illiterates  to  recognize  and  to  read  an  entire 

sentence,  e.g.:  "I  take  a  seat." 

2.  Drill  them  on  recognizing  single  words  by  writing  the 

words  on  different  parts  of  the  board,  on  cards,  and 
by  finding  them  in  the  book. 

3.  After  they  can  recognize  about  fifty  words,  analyze 

these  words  into  their  sound  elements,  e.  g.:  m  -  an ; 
t  -  ake;  h  -  at;  s  -  it;  n  -  ame;  r  -  ead; 
1  -  ook. 

4.  Build  new  words  by  the  combination  of  two  known 

elements.  Thus  they  know  s  from  sit  and  at 
from  hat.  Teach  them  to  recognize  sat.  Know- 
ing ame  from  name,  pupils  can  be  taught  to  recog- 
nize same,  shame,  lame,  fame,  game,  etc. 

Showing  the  effect  of  the  change  in  the  sound  of  a  word 
when  silent  e  is  added,  e.  g.  : 

rat        rate  not        note 

bit        bite  cut        cute 

Caution. — Words  used  as  a  basis  for  phonic  analysis  must 
be  understood  by  the  pupils  and  new  words  built  by  phonic 
synthesis  must  also  be  real  words  the  meaning  of  which  is 
clear.  Not  more  than  ten  minutes  at  a  time  can  profitably 
be  devoted  to  an  exercise  of  this  kind. 


LESSON  I 
IN  SCHOOL 

(The  teacher  should  illustrate  the  meaning  of  each  sentence  by  per- 
forming the  appropriate  action  as  the  sentence  is  spoken.  A 
number  of  pupils  should  then  be  called  upon  to  repeat  the  ac- 
tions and  the  sentences.  The  sentence  may  then  be  placed  on 
the  board  for  the  pupils  to  copy.  Pupils  may  now  be  called 
upon  to  read  the  sentences  and  to  illustrate  the  meaning  by 
once  more  going  through  the  actions.) 

Come  in,  gentlemen. 
Come  in,  ladies. 
Please  take  seats. 


2  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

I  come  into  the  room. 

I  take  my  hat  off. 

I  say  "Good  evening." 

I  sit  down. 

The  teacher  gives  me  a  book. 

The  teacher  gives  me  a  piece  of  paper. 

I  write  my  name  on  the  paper. 

My  name  is  

EXERCISES 

(To  be  read  at  first  by  the  teacher          (To  be  read  and  acted  by 
and  later  by  pupils.)  pupils.) 

Come  in,  Mr I  come  into  the  room. 

Take  a  seat.  I  take  a  seat. 

Take  a  book.  I  take  a  book. 

Take  a  piece  of  paper.  I  take  a  piece  of  paper. 

What  is  your  name?  My  name  is   

What  is  my  name  ?  Your  name  is 

What  is  this  man's  name?  His  name  is   

What  is  this  woman's  name  ?  Her  name  is 

How  are  you,  Mr ?  I  am  very  well,  thank  you. 

NOTE. — Several   pupils   should   be   required   to  go   through   these 
exercises. 


LESSON  II 
LEARNING   TO   SPEAK   ENGLISH 

(Illustrate  sentences  by  actions  and  objects  as  in  previous  lesson.) 

I  go  to  school. 

I  come  into  the  room. 

I  learn  to  speak  English. 

I  can  speak  a  little. 

I  learn  to  read  English. 

I  can  read  a  book. 

I  learn  to  write  my  name. 

I  understand  what  the  teacher  says. 

I  do  not  understand  every  word. 

I  understand  a  little. 

EXERCISES 

(To  be  read  at  first  by  the  teacher  and  by  one  pupil,  then  by 
two  pupils.  The  question  may  then  be  read  by  teacher  or 
pupil  and  the  class  give  the  answer  from  memory.) 

Can  you  understand  me? 
Yes,  I  can  understand  you. 


ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

Can  you  speak  English? 
I  can  speak  a  little. 
Can  you  write  your  name? 
Yes,  I  can  write  my  name. 
Can  you  read? 
Yes,  I  can  read  a  little. 
Have  you  a  pencil? 
Yes,  I  have  a  pencil. 

Please  take  your  book,  Mr 

Open  the  book,  Mr 

Write  your  name  on  the  paper,  Mr 

Is  your  name  John? 

No,  my  name  is  

Can  you  understand  the  teacher? 

Yes,  I  can  understand  the  

Can  you  understand  me? 

No,  I  cannot  you. 

Where  do  you  learn  to  speak  English? 
I  learn  to  speak  English  at  school. 
Where  do  you  learn  to  read  English? 

I  to  read  English  at  school. 

What  is  your  teacher's  name? 
My  teacher's  name  is  „ , 


LESSON  III 
TO   OPEN   THE   DOOR 

I  go  to  the  door. 
1  turn  the  knob. 
t  open  the  door. 
I  walk  into  the  room, 
I  shut  the  door. 
I  walk  to  my  seat 
I  sit  down. 


6  ENGLISH  FOR   COMING  CITIZENS 

EXERCISES 

(Directions  to  be  read  by  the  teacher  or  by  a  pupil  and  to  be 
carried  out  by  pupils.  Pupils  slow  to  understand  may  be 
grouped  with  other  pupils  who  are  quick.  Pupils  performing 
the  acts  should  speak  the  sentence  describing  the  act.) 

Mr ,  go  to  the  door. 

Please  open  the  door. 

Please  go  to  the  window. 

Open  the  window,  please. 

Now,  shut  the  door  and  shut  the  window, 

also.     Thank  you- 
Sit  down,  please. 

What  do  I  open? 
What  do  I  turn? 
What  do  I  shut? 
Who  walks  into  the  room? 

FOR  READING  AND  WRITING 

I  the  window. 

I  walk  into  the 

I  the  door. 

I  the  knob. 

I  down. 

Is  the  door  open? 
Is  the  door  shut? 


LESSON  IV 
GOING   TO   SCHOOL 

1  put  on  my  hat  and  coat.  I  say  "Good- 
by."  I  walk  to  school.  I  enter  the  building. 
I  come  into  the  room.  The  teacher  is  in  the 
room.  I  say  "  Good  evening."  The  teacher 
says  "Good  evening."  I  take  my  hat  and  coat 
off.  I  sit  down.  I  write  my  name  on  a  piece 
of  paper. 

EXERCISES 

(To  be  read  aloud  and  acted  by  the  pupils.) 

Mr do  you  walk  to  school  ?  Yes,  I  walk 

to  school. 

Does  Mr walk  to  school?  No,  he  rides  to 

school. 

Walk  around  the  room,  Mr I  am  walk- 
ing around  the  room. 

Walk  to  the  front  of  the  room.     I  

Walk  to  the  back  of  the  room.    I  am  walking , . . 


8  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 


Please  put  your  hat  on.     I  am  putting  my 
Take  your  hat  off,  please.     I  am  taking  . 
It  is  cold.     Put  your  coat  on. 
Stand,  please,  and  put  your  hat  on. 
Say  "Good-by"  to  the  class. 


ANSWER  THESE  QUESTIONS 

To  whom  did  you  say  "Good-by"? 

How  do  you  go  to  school? 

What  do  you  enter? 

What  do  you  wear  when  you  go  to  school? 

What  do  you  take  off  in  the  room? 

Where  do  you  write  your  name? 

What  is  on  your  desk? 

With  what  do  you  write  your  name? 

On  what  do  you  write  your  name? 

Who  is  in  the  room? 

What  do  you  say  to  the  teacher? 

What  does  the  teacher  say? 


LESSON  V 
WASHING  MY  HANDS 

My  hands  are  dirty.  I  turn  up  my  sleeves. 
I  take  soap  from  the  dish.  I  dip  the  soap 
into  the  water.  I  rub  the  soap  on  my  hands. 
I  wash  my  hands  in  the  water.  I  dry  my 
hands  on  a  towel.  My  hands  are  clean. 

EXERCISES 

Are  your  hands  clean  or  ditty? 
My  hands  are  


10  ENGLISH  FOR   COMING   CITIZENS 

What  do  you  turn  up? 

I  up  my  sleeves. 

Where  is  the  soap? 

The  soap  is  in  the  

Where  do  you  dip  the  soap? 

i ....  the.  soap  into  the  water. 

What  do  you  rub  on  your  hands? 

I  rub  the  on  my  

With  what  do  you  dry  your  hands? 
I.  dry  my  hands  with  a  

•* 

LESSON  VI 
GETTING  A  DRINK  OF  WATER 

£  am  very  thirsty.  I  go  to  the  sink.  I 
take  a  glass.  I  turn  the  faucet.  I  let  the 
water  run.  I  fill  the  glass.  I  drink  the  water. 
I  throw  what  is  left  into  the  sink.  I  rinse  the 
glass  before  I  put  it  down. 

EXERCISES 
Are  you  thirsty? 

No,  I  am  not  

Where  can  you  get  a  drink  of  water? 


GETTING  A  DRINK  OF  WATER 


I  can  get  a  drink  from  the 

What  do  you  turn? 

I  the  faucet. 

In  what  do  you  take  a  drink? 

I  take  a  drink  in  a  

Where  do  you  throw  the  water? 

I the  water  into  the 

What  do  you  do  with  the  glass? 
I  the  glass. 


LESSON  VII 
TO  BATHE 

I  go  to  the  bathroom.  I  turn  on  the  hot 
and  the  cold  water.  I  undress  myself.  When 
the  bathtub  is  full,  I  get  into  the  water.  The 
bath  feels  good.  I  scrub  myself  with  soap  and 
water.  I  pull  out  the  bath-plug.  I  get  out  of 
the  bathtub.  I  dry  myself  with  a  bath-towel. 
I  dress  myself. 


TO   BATHE  13 

EXERCISES 

Where  do  you  take  a  bath? 

I  take  a  bath  (I  bathe)  in  the  

In  what  kind  of  water  do  you  bathe? 

I  bathe  in  water. 

What  do  you  do  in  the  bathtub? 

I  scrub  

What  do  you  do  with  the  towel? 

I  myself  with  the  towel. 

When  do  you  get  into  the  bathtub? 

When  the is  full. 

What  do  you  pull  out? 

I  pull  out  the  

With  what  do  you  dry  yourself? 

I  dry  myself  with  a  

How  does  the  bath  feel? 

The  bath  feels  good. 

What  do  you  do  with  the  soap  and  water? 

I  myself  with  the  soap  and  water 

What  do  you  do  with  the  towel? 

I  myself  with  the  towel. 


I  go. 


I  take 


HE 


SHE 


LESSON  VIII 
HE  AND   I 

He  goes. 

The  man  goes. 

She  goes. 

The  woman  goes. 

It  goes. 

The  child  goes. 

He  takes. 

The  man  takes. 

She  takes. 

The  woman  takes 

It  takes. 

The  child  takes. 


HE  AND   I 


HE 

Name  some  one  who 

Sits  down. 
Gives  me  a  pencil. 
Walks  into  the  room. 
Goes  to  school. 
Goes  to  the  door. 
Takes  a  seat. 


SHE 


EXERCISES 


THEY 


Opens  the  window. 
Speaks  English. 
Dries  his  hands. 
Gives  you  a  book. 
Can  write  his  name. 
Shuts  the  door. 


Turn  back  to  Lessons  I,  II,  III,  IV,  V,  VI,  VII.    One 

pupil  reads  "he"  instead  of  "I,"  and  changes  the  word 
that  tells  what  "he"  does.     Other  pupils  read: 

"The  man."     "The  woman."    "The  girl."     "The  boy." 

NOTE. — Let  the  pupils  review  the  first  seven  lessons  by  changing 
the  pronoun  "I"  wherever  found  to  the  pronouns  "we,," 
"you,"  "they." 


LESSON    IX 
TO  TAKE  A  BATH  IN  THE  OCEAN 

I  go  to  the  seashore.  I  take  along  a  bath- 
ing-suit. I  hire  a  bath-house.  I  pay  fifty 
cents  for  the  bath-house.  I  undress  in  the 
bath-house.  I  go  out  on  the  beach.  I  play  in 
the  sand.  I  go  into  the  water.  The  waves 
dash  against  me.  I  enjoy  myself  very  much. 
I  feel  cold.  I  return  to  the  bath-house.  I  dry 
myself.  I  dress  myself.  I  go  out. 

(Read  this  lesson  by  saying  "he"  instead  of  "I."    Read  it  again  by 
saying  "Mr.  Green,"  "my  friend,"  "the  little  girl,"  "she.") 

T6 


TO   TAKE  A  BATH  IN  THE  OCEAN  17 

EXERCISES 

What  do  you  hire  at  the  seashore? 

I  hire  a  

What  do  you  take  along? 

I  take  along  a  

Where  is  the  bath-house? 

The  bath-house  is  on  the  

What  do  you  do  in  the  bath-house? 

I   myself  in  the  bath-house. 

Where  do  you  go  from  the  bath-house? 

I  go  out  to  the  

Where  do  you  play? 

I  on  the  sand. 

What  do  you  do  on  the  sand? 

I  on  the  sand. 

What  do  the  waves  do? 

The  waves  against  me. 

How  do  you  enjoy  yourself? 

I  enjoy  very  much. 

How  do  you  feel  when  you  come  out  of  the  water? 

I  cold. 

With  what  do  you  dry  yourself  ? 

I   myself  with  a  


LESSON  X 


1 — one. 

2— two. 

3— three. 

4— four. 

5— five. 

6— six. 

7 — seven. 

8— eight. 

9— nine. 
10- ten. 
11 — eleven. 
12— twelve. 
13— thirteen. 
14— fourteen. 
15 — fifteen. 
16— sixteen. 
17— seventeen. 
18— eighteen. 


NUMBERS 

44 — forty-four. 
50— fifty. 
60— sixty. 
70 — seventy. 
80— eighty. 
90 — nkiety. 
100 — one  hundred. 
101 — one  hundred  one. 
200— two  hundred. 
365 — three     hundred     sixty- 
five. 

1,000 — one  thousand. 
1,492 — fourteen    ninety-two   or 
one    thousand     four 
hundred  ninety-two. 
1,918 — nineteen     eighteen     or 
one    thousand    nine 
hundred  eighteen. 

18 


NUMBERS  19 

19 — nineteen.  5,000 — five  thousand. 

20— twenty.  10,000— ten  thousand. 

21 — twenty-one.  15,500 — fifteen     thousand     five 

22 — twenty-two.  hundred. 

30— thirty.  100,000— one  hundred  thousand. 


EXERCISES 

Count  from  1  to  10. 
Count  by  2's.     Say  2,  4,  etc. 
Count  by  10's.     Say  10,  20,  30,  etc. 
Count  by  100's.     Say  100,  200,  etc. 
Count  by  5's. 

How  much  are  3  and  4?    Say  3  and  4  are  7. 
How  much  are  20  and  5? 
How  much  are  6  and  9? 

6  is  how  much  more  than  4?    Say  6  is  2  more  than  4. 
What  is  the  difference  between  8  and  2?     Say  the  dif- 
ference between  8  and  2  is  6. 

12  is  how  much  less  than  15?    Say  12  is  3  less  than  15. 
How  much  is  2  times  6?    Say  2  times  6  is  12. 
How  much  is  3  times  10? 


LESSON  XI 
IN  THE  SCHOOLROOM 

I  sit  at  a  desk. 

My  feet  are  on  the  floor. 

My  hands  are  on  my  desk. 

My  book  is  on  my  desk. 

A  piece  of  paper  is  also  on  my  desk. 

Two  pencils  are  on  my -desk. 

Other  men  (or  women)  are  also  in  the  room. 

My  neighbor  on  my  right  is   

My  neighbor  on  my  left  is   

My  neighbor  behind  me  is  

My  neighbor  in  front  of  me  is   

Many  men  (or  women)  are  in  the  room. 

EXERCISES 

(First  by  the  teacher — then  by  a  pupil  while  other  pupils  obey  di- 
rections given.) 

Put  the  book  on  your  desk. 
Put  your  feet  on  the  floor. 
Show  me  your  right  foot. 


20 


IN  THE  SCHOOLROOM  21 

What  is  on  your  desk? 

Who  are  your  neighbors? 

Say  "Good  evening"  to  your  neighbor  on  your  right. 

Say  "How  do  you  do?"  to  your  neighbor  in  front  of  you. 

Shake  hands  with  your  neighbor  on  your  left. 

Bow  to  your  neighbor  behind  you. 

Say  to  your  teacher  "How  are  you,  Mr ?" 

Say  to  Mr "How  are  you?" 

Hold  the  book  in  your  right  hand. 
Now  take  the  book  in  your  left  hand. 

(Questions  to  be  read  by  one  pupil  and  answered  by  another  pupil.) 

Where  do  you  sit? 

What  is  on  your  desk? 

Where  are  your  neighbors? 

How  many  men  are  in  the  room? 

Your  feet  are  where? 

On  whose  desk  is  your  book? 

Whose  book  is  on  your  desk? 

Where  are  your  feet? 

Where  is  Mr 's  book? 

Where  are  his  feet? 
Who  is  in  front  of  the  room? 
Name  the  man  on  your  right. 
Name  the  man  behind  you. 


LESSON  XII 
THE   DOCTOR 

I  am  sick.  My  head  aches  and  I  have  no 
appetite.  My  friend  tells  me  to  see  a  doctor. 
I  go  to  the  doctor's  office.  In  his  window  I 
see  this  sign: 


DR.  JAMES  MACDONALD 
Office  Hours  .  .  9  to  10,  6  to  7. 


THE   DOCTOR  23 

I  go  to  the  door  and  ring  the  bell.  The 
maid  opens  the  door  and  asks  me  to  take  a 
seat.  There  are  other  patients  in  the  room 
waiting  to  see  the  doctor.  At  last  my  turn 
comes.  The  doctor  examines  me  and  gives 
me  a  prescription.  I  take  the  prescription  to 
the  drug  store.  The  druggist  gives  me  a  bot- 
tle of  medicine.  I  must  take  a  teaspoonful 
every  three  hours.  The  doctor  says  I  shall 
get  better. 

EXERCISES 

Are  you  well? 

What  hurts? 

Is  your  appetite  good? 

Who  is  your  doctor? 

Who  are  the  people  in  the  doctor's  waiting-room  r 

What  does  the  doctor  do  to  you? 

What  does  the  doctor  give  you? 

How  often  do  you  take  the  medicine? 

Who  prepares  the  medicine? 


LESSON  XIII 
EATING  BREAKFAST 

The  table  is  set.  A  clean  table-cloth  covers 
the  table.  A  knife,  a  fork,  a  teaspoon  are  be- 
side the  plate.  The  bread  and  butter  taste  good. 
The  wife  brings  a  plate  of  oatmeal.  The  man 
eats  the  oatmeal  with  sugar  and  milk.  Then 
the  hungry  man  drinks  a  large  cup  of  coffee. 

Things  to  eat  for  breakfast: 

Fruits — oranges  plums 

berries  apples 

pears  melons 


EATING  BREAKFAST 

Cereals — oatmeal  farina 

rice 


soft-boiled 
fried 


Drinks — tea 

cocoa 

Bread—     toast 
rolls 


scrambled 
omelet 

coffee 
milk 

muffins 


QUESTIONS 

What  do  you  see  on  the  table? 

Who  is  sitting  at  the  table? 

What  food  is  on  the  table? 

With  what  does  the  man  eat  the  oatmeal? 

What  does  he  put  into  the  coffee? 

What  do  you  eat  for  breakfast? 

What  would  you  like  to  eat? 


LESSON  XIV 

THE   BODY 

(These  two-minute  exercises  should  be  conducted  at  first  by  the 
teacher  and  later  by  the  members  of  the  class.  The  person 
leading  should  perform  the  actions  as  a  model  for  the  pupils.) 

Mr ,  please  open  the  windows. 

Class  stand ! 

Face  the  windows. 

Breathe  in. 

Breathe  out.     (Eight  times.) 

Place  hands  on  hips. 

Bend  body  to  the  right.     Stand  straight. 

Bend  body  to  the  left.     Stand  straight. 

Raise  left  foot.     Down. 

Raise  right  foot.     Down. 

Face  front. 

Turn  head  to  the  left.     Front. 

Stretch  arms  forward. 

Stretch  arms  back. 

Stretch  arms  up.     Down. 

Place  your  hands  on  your  shoulders.    Down. 

Breathe  in.     Out. 

Take  seats. 

Mr *  . . . ,  please  close  the  windows. 

26 


LESSON  XV 

THE  BODY 

(CONTINUED) 

The  body  must  have  exercise.  We  exercise 
the  body  when  we  walk.  We  exercise  the 
hands  when  we  work.  The  trunk  must  have 
exercise.  Bend  the  trunk  to  the  right,  to  the 
left.  The  muscles  of  the  arms  and  the  legs 
are  strong.  The  muscles  of  the  eyes  are  weak. 
Rest  the  eyes  when  they  are  tired.  Rest  the 
body  when  it  is  tired.  The  lungs  must  have 


28  ENGLISH   FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

fresh  air.  Breathe  only  fresh  air.  Keep  your 
shoulders  straight.  The  lungs  must  have  room 
to  breathe 

EXERCISES 

(To  be  read  and  acted  by  two  pupils.) 

Close  your  mouth. 

Breathe  through  your  nose. 

Close  your  eyes. 

Open  them. 

Raise  your  right  hand. 

Put  your  hand  on  your  desk. 

Bend  your  body  forward. 

Bend  it  back. 

Raise  your  shoulders. 

Lower  them. 

What  do  you  do  with  your  eyes? 

With  what  do  you  hear? 

How  many  legs  have  you? 

What  do  you  wear  on  your  feet?  hands?  head? 

Count  your  fingers. 

Show  me  your  ring  finger. 

Put  your  thumb  into  your  vest  poeket. 


LESSON  XVI 
MY  ROOM 

The  room  has  four  walls. 
The  color  of  the  walls  is  white. 
It  has  also  a  ceiling  and  a  floor. 
The  color  of  the  ceiling  is  white. 
The  room  has  one  door. 
There  are  two  windows  in  the  room. 
The  windows  are  made  of  glass. 
The  teacher  stands  in  front  of  the  pupils. 
The  chairs  and  desks  are  the  furniture  in 
the  room. 


30  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

EXERCISES 

Count  the  walls. 

How  many  windows  are  there  in  this  room? 

Count  them. 

How  many  doors  in  this  room? 
What  is  the  color  of  the  ceiling? 
Point  to  the  ceiling. 
What  are  the  windows  made  of? 
Where  does  the  teacher  stand? 
Stand  hi  front  of  the  desk. 
Who  stands  in  front  of  the  pupils? 
Go  to  the  window. 
Open  the  window. 
Shut  it. 

Go  to  the  door. 
Open  the  door. 
Close  the  door. 
Open  your  eyes. 
Close  them. 
Open  your  right  eye. 
Close  it. 
Stand  in  front  of  the  room 


LESSON  XVII 
MAKING   A   BED 

I  take  off  the  bedclothes. 

I  turn  the  mattress. 

I  dust  the  mattress. 

I  put  on  the  under  sheet. 

I  tuck  it  in. 

I  put  on  the  upper  sheet. 

I  put  on  the  blankets. 

I  tuck  them  in. 

I  turn  the  upper  sheet  on  the  blanket. 

31 


32  ENGLISH  FOR   COMING  CITIZENS 

I  put  on  the  spread. 

I  shake  the  pillows. 

I  put  the  pillows  at  the  head  of  the  bed. 

EXERCISES 

Use  the  words  "my  wife"  instead  of  "I"  in  this  lesson. 
Then  say  "the  maid"  instead  of  "I." 
Then  say  "she"  instead  of  "I." 
Change  this  lesson  to  the  past  tense. 

LESSON  XVIII 
PAST  TIME 


To-day — 
Yesterday — 
This  week — 
Last  week — 
Present  time- 
Past  time — 


PRESENT 

I  am 
You  are 
He  is 


I  go  into  the  room. 
I  went  into  the  room. 
I  walk  to  school. 
I  walked  to  school. 
I  sit  at  a  desk. 
I  sat  at  a  desk. 

PAST 
I  was 
You  were 
He  was 


LESSON  ON  PAST  TIME 


3J 


PRESENT 

She  is 

It  is 

We  are 

You  are 

They  are 

Ask 

Bake 

Bring 

Build 

Buy 

Come 

Close 

Cure 

Cut 

Dash 

Dip 

Do 

Dress 

DrinK 

Dry 

Earn 

Enjoy 

Enter 

Examine 


PAST 
She  was 
It  was 
We  were 
•You  were 
They  were 
Asked 
Baked 
Brought 
Built 
Bought 
Came 
Closed 
Cured 
Cut 
Dashed 
Dipped 
Did 

Dressed 
Drank 
Dried 
Earned 
Enjoyed 
Entered 
Examined 


34 


ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS' 


PRESENT 

Feel 

Fill 

Fix 

Get 

Give 

Go 

I  have 

He  has 

Hire 

Hold 

Learn 

Let 

Make 

Open 

Pay 

Play 

Pull 

Put 

Return 

Rinse 

Rub 

Run 

Say 

Scrub 


PAST 
Felt 
Filled 
Fixed 
Got 
Gave 
Went 
I  had 
He  had 
Hired 
Held 
Learned 
Let 
Made 
Opened 
Paid 
Played 
Pulled 
Put 

Returned 
Rinsed 
Rubbed 
Ran 
Said 
Scrubbed 


LESSON  ON  PAST  TIME 


PRESENT 

See 

Sell 

Shake 

Show 

Shut 

Sit 

Stand 

Stop 

Take 

Teach 

TeU 

Turn 

Understand 

Walk 

Wash 

Work 

Write 


PAST 
Saw 
Sold 
Shook 
Showed 
Shut 
Sat 
Stood 
Stopped 
Took 
Taught 
Told 
Turned 
Understood 
Walked 
Washed 
Worked 
Wrote 


(Review  Lessons  I-XV  by  changing  the  present  to  the  past.  If 
you  are  not  sure  of  the  right  word  for  the  past  time,  look  on 
this  page.) 


LESSON  XIX 
PICTURES   FOR   CONVERSATION 


THE  BAKER 


THE  GROCER 


THE  PEDLER 


THE  SHOEMAKER 


LESSON  XX 
THE  TAILOR 

I  am  a  tailor. 

I  have  no  job. 

My  employer  discharged  me. 

He  had  no  work  for  me. 

I  am  looking  for  another  job. 

I    walk    along    the    street    and 
"Tailors  Wanted." 

I  walk  into  the  shop. 

The   foreman    comes   out   and    says: 
do  you  want?" 

37 


see    a    sign 


"What 


38  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

I  say  to  him:    "Have  you  a  job  for  me?" 

He  says:  "Are  you  an  experienced  tailor?" 

I  tell  him  I  have  worked  as  a  tailor  for  five 
years. 

Then  he  asks  me  for  whom  I  worked. 

I  tell  him  that  I  worked  for  Brown  & 
Smith. 

The  foreman  gives  me  a  job. 

I  earn  fifteen  dollars  a  week. 

CONVERSATION 

Have  you  a  job? 

What  is  your  business? 

How  long  have  you  been  in  this  business? 

How  much  do  you  earn? 

Were  you  ever  discharged? 

EXERCISES 

What  did  the  man  lose? 
When  did  he  lose  his  position? 
What  did  the  sign  say? 
Whom  did  he  see? 

What  did  the  foreman  want  to  know? 
How  much  did  he  earn? 


LESSON  XXI 
LOOKING  FOR  WORK 

This  man  has  no  job.  He  lost  his  position 
two  weeks  ago.  He  is  looking  for  another  job. 
Yesterday  he  saw  a  sign  "Tailor  Wanted." 
He  walked  into  the  shop  and  saw  the  fore- 
man. He  said  to  the  foreman:  "Have  you  a 
job  for  me?" 

39 


40  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

"Are  you  an  experienced  tailor?" 
"Yes — I  have  five  years'  experience." 
"For  whom  did  you  work?" 
"  I  worked  for  Friedman  &  Sons." 
"What  was  your  salary?" 
"My  salary  was  twenty-one  dollars  a  week." 
"  I'll  give  you  a  job.    Can  you  begin  work  at 
once?" 

"  Yes — I  can  begin  work  jiow." 

EXERCISES 

What  did  the  man  lose? 

When  did  he  see  a  sign? 

What  did  the  sign  say? 

Whom  did  he  see? 

What  did  the  foreman  want  to  know? 

How  much  did  he  earn? 

When  did  the  man  begin  work? 

To  the  Teacher :  Have  pupils  dramatize  this  situation  and  have 
others  vary  the  lesson  by  applying  for  different  kinds  of  posi- 
tions, such  as  Laborer,  Baker,  Machinist,  Carpenter,  Shoe- 
maker, Farmer. 


LESSON  XXII 

THE   CUTTER 
Henry  is  a  cutter. 
He  works  in  a  factory. 
He  cuts  cloth  with  a  knife. 
Sometimes    he    cuts    cloth    with    a    pair    of 
scissors. 

He  sharpens  his  tools. 

He  takes  a  pattern. 

He  puts  the  pattern  on  the  cloth. 

Then  he  cuts  the  cloth. 

EXERCISES 

What  is  your  business? 
Where  do  you  work? 
What  tools  do  you  use? 
Do  you  sharpen  your  tools? 


41 


THE  DRESSMAKER 


THE  CIGARMAKER 


LESSON  XXIII 
REVIEW  EXERCISES 

Who  bakes  the  bread?    The  baker  bakes  the  bread. 
Who  makes  your  shoes?    The    makes  my 

shoes. 

Who  builds  a  house?    The  builds  a  house. 

Who   repairs   the  plumbing?    The    repairs 

the  plumbing. 
Who    washes    your    collars  ?    The    washes 

my  collars. 
Who  brings  you   vegetables?    The    brings 

me  vegetables. 

Who  sells  tea?    The  sells  tea. 

42 


REVIEW  EXERCISES 


43 


Who  teaches  you  to  speak  English  ?    The   

teaches  me  to  speak  English. 

Who  runs  the  car?    The  runs  the  car. 

Who  makes  cigars  ?    The makes  cigars. 

Who  makes  your  wife's  dresses.     The makes 

my  wife's  dresses. 
Who   cures   sick  people?    The    cures   sick 

people. 
Who     makes     the    laws    of    the    United    States?     The 

makes  the  laws  of  the  United  States. 

What  do  you  do? 

Tell  what  each  of  these  does: 

Teacher  Dressmaker 

Doctor  Tailor 

Shoemaker  Carpenter 

Plumber  Farmer 

Builder  Baker 

Grocer  Conductor 

Pedler  Motorman 

Cigarmaker  Driver 
Legislator 


LESSON  XXIV 
MY  JOURNEY  TO  AMERICA 

I  arrived  in  this  country  two  years  ago.  I 
sailed  from  Havre  on  the  steamship  La  Patrie. 
The  journey  took  eight  days.  I  was  not  sea- 
sick, but  I  saw  many  men  and  women  who 
were  seasick. 

The  weather  was  very  fine.  It  rained  only 
once.  When  I  arrived  in  New  York,  my 
brother  came  to  meet  me  at  Ellis  Island.  He 
took  me  home.  Two  days  later,  I  had  a  job 


44 


MY  JOURNEY  TO  AMERICA  45 

and  I  began  to  work.  I  did  not  earn  much  at 
the  beginning.  I  earned  eight  dollars  a  week. 
The  work  was  not  hard.  It  was  easy.  Now 
I  earn  fifteen  dollars  a  week,  but  I  work  hard, 

QUESTIONS 

When  did  you  come  to  America? 

From  where  did  you  sail? 

On  what  steamship  did  you  sail? 

How  long  did  the  journey  take? 

Were  you  seasick? 

How  was  the  weather? 

Who  met  you  when  you  arrived? 

Where  did  you  go  when  you  came  to  America? 

How  much  did  you  earn? 

Was  the  work  hanl? 

Is  the  work  hard  now? 

How  much  do  you  earn  to-day? 

Do  you  like  your  work? 

How  long  have  you  been  working? 

Have  you  a  trade? 

What  was  your  business  last  year? 


LESSON  XXV 
THE  WEEK 

The  week  has  seven  days — Sunday,  Monday, 
Tuesday,  Wednesday,  Thursday,  Friday,  Satur- 
day. 

The  first  day  of  the  week  is  Sunday. 

Sunday  is  the  day  of  rest. 

The  other  six  days  are  -working  days. 

The  second  day  is  Monday. 

Monday  is  wash  day. 

Tuesday  is  the  third  day  of  the  week. 

In  the  middle  of  the  week  is  Wednesday,  the 
fourth  day. 

The  fifth  day  is  Thursday. 

Friday  is  the  sixth  day.  It  is  called  fish  day 
because  many  people  eat  fish  on  Friday. 

The  seventh  and  last  day  of  the  week  is 
Saturday. 

In  many  places  work  stops  at  noon  (twelve 

o'clock)  on  Saturday. 

46 


THE  WEEK  47 

EXERCISES 

How  many  days  has  the  week  ?    The  week  has 

days. 

What  do  you  do  on  Sunday  ?    On  Sunday  I 

Which  is  the  first  working  day?     is  the  first 

working  day. 

Name  the  working  days.     The  working  days  are 

What  day  is  this?    To-day  is  

What  day  was  yesterday  ?    Yesterday  was  

What  day  will  to-morrow  be  ?     To-morrow  will  be 

What  was  the  day  before  yesterday?     The  day  before 

yesterday  was  

What  will  the  day  after  to-morrow  be  ?    The  day  after  to- 
morrow will  be  

What  is  the  day  after  Tuesday  ?     is  the  day 

after  Tuesday. 

What  is  the  day  before  Sunday? 
What  is  the  day  after  Sunday? 
On  what  days  is  school  open? 

On  what  day  were  you  born  ?    I  was  born  on  a 

On   what    day    does    Christmas    come    this   year?    New 

Year's?     The  Fourth  of  July?     Thanksgiving  day? 

Your  birthday? 

(The  teacher  should  direct  pupils  to  consult  a  calendar.) 


LESSON  XXVI 
TELLING  TIME 

What  time  is  it? 

It  is  twelve  o'clock.     (No.  i.) 

It  is  one  o'clock.    (No  2.) 

It  is  half  past  one.    (No.  3.) 

It  is  ten  minutes  to  six.    (No.  4.) 

It  is  a  quarter  to  two.    (No.  5.) 

It  is  twenty  minutes  to  five.    (No.  6.) 

Draw  a  picture  showing  a  quarter  past  three; 

twenty  minutes  to  seven;    one  thirty  (half 

48 


TELLING  TIME  49 

past   one);    twelve   fifteen   (a   quarter   past 

twelve);    four  twenty  (twenty  minutes  past 

four). 
Take   out   your   watch.     See   what   time   it   is. 

Is  your  watch  right? 

Compare  your  watch  with  the  school  clock. 
Is  your  watch  fast  or  slow? 

There  are  365  days  in  the  year. 
There  are  7  days  in  the  week. 
There  are  24  hours  in  the  day. 
There  are  60  minutes  in  an  hour. 
There  are  60  seconds  in  a  minute. 


LESSON  XXVII 
REVIEW  EXERCISES 

I  get  up  at  6  o'clock  in  the  morning. 

I  begin  my  work  at  8  o'clock. 

I  eat  my  lunch  at  12  o'clock. 

I  eat  my  supper  at  6.30  in  the  evening. 

I  go  to  bed  at  10.45. 

When  do  you  come  to  school? 

How  long  do  you  remain  in  school? 

How  many  hours  do  you  work? 

When  do  you  stop  work  on  Saturdays? 

How  many  hours  in  a  day? 

How  many  hours  do  you  sleep? 

When  do  you  get  up  in  the  morning? 

At  what  time  do  you  go  to  sleep? 

How  long  do  you  take  for  breakfast? 

How  long  do  you  take  for  lunch? 

Tell  how  you  spend  a  working-day. 

Tell  how  you  spend  a  holiday. 

How  would  you  like  to  spend  next  Sunday? 

When  do  children  come  home  from  school? 


LESSON  XXVIII 
AT   HOME 


THE   WOMAN   SWEEPS    EVERY  SHE   WASHES   THE   CLOTHES   ON 

DAY  MONDAY 

51 


ON  TUESDAY   SHE    IRONS 


ON   WEDNESDAY  SHE   MENDS   THE 
CLOTHING 


ON   THURSDAY   SHE   MARKETS 


ON   FRIDAY   SHE   MAKES   BREAD          ON   SATURDAY   SHE   CLEANS   THE 

HOUSE 


On  Sunday  she  rests. 


S3 


LESSON  XXIX 
TO  MAKE  A  FIRE 

It  is  six  o'clock  in  the  morning.  The  alarm 
clock  rings  and  wakes  me  up.  It  is  time  to 
get  up.  I  dress  myself  quickly.  I  chop  some 
wood.  I  put  some  paper  into  the  stove.  On 
top  of  the  paper  I  place  small  pieces  of  wood. 
Then  I  strike  a  match  under  the  paper.  The 
paper  blazes  up  and  the  wood  catches  fire. 
After  the  wood  is  burning  well,  I  put  one  or 
two  shovels  of  coal  on  the  fire.  I  never  pour 
kerosene  into  the  fire.  I  knew  a  woman  who 
poured  kerosene  into  the  fire,  and  she  was 
burned  to  death. 

EXERCISES 

What  time  do  you  get  up  in  the  morning? 

Who  awakens  you? 

How  do  you  make  a  fire? 

What  do  you  put  into  the  stove  first? 

Why  is  kerosene  dangerous? 

54 


LESSON  XXX 
HOURS  OF  WORK 

The  men  in  our  shop  work  nine  hours  a 
day.  We  begin  work  at  eight  o'clock  in  the 
morning.  At  twelve  o'clock  the  whistle  blows. 
We  all  stop  work  and  go  to  lunch.  At  one 
o'clock  the  whistle  blows  again  and  we  begin 
work  again.  We  work  until  six  o'clock.  Then 
the  whistle  blows  for  the  third  time  and  we 
stop  work  for  the  day.  On  Saturdays  we  stop 
work  for  the  day  at  twelve  o'clock  and  we  go 
home  for  lunch. 

EXERCISES 

What  is  your  business? 

Where  do  you  work? 

Who  is  your  employer? 

How  many  hours  a  day  do  you  work? 

When  do  you  begin  work? 

When  do  you  stop  work  for  the  day? 

How  long  do  you  work  on  Saturdays? 

Where  do  you  eat  lunch? 

55 


LESSON  XXXI 
THE   BAKERY 

We  eat  bread.     We  buy  our  bread  from  the 
baker.     The  bakery  is  not  far  away.     It  is  on 

the  corner.     Another  bakery  is  on   

'Street.  The  baker  bakes  black  bread  and 
white  bread.  Black  bread  is  made  from  rye 
flour.  White  bread  is  made  from  wheat  flour. 
A  loaf  of  bread  is  made  from  two  pounds 
of  dough.  A  loaf  of  bread  costs  eight  cents. 
Black  bread  is  heavy.  White  bread  is  light. 


THE  BAKERY  57 

Rye  bread  is  heavier  than  white  bread.  The 
baker  mixes  flour  and  water  to  make  dough. 
He  bakes  the  dough  in  the  oven.  We  like 
fresh  bread,  although  stale  bread  is  better 
for  us. 

EXERCISES 

(Read  and  answer  these  questions.     Then  write  the  answers.) 

Where  is  the  bakery? 
Where  do  you  buy  bread? 

What  kind  of  bread  do  you  like  ?    I  like 

bread. 

Who  bakes  the  bread? 
How  does  the  baker  bake  the  bread? 
How  much  does  a  loaf  of  bread  cost? 
Which  is  heavier,  white  bread  or  black  bread"? 
Which  is  lighter? 
Which  is  better? 

Is  black  bread  or  white  bread  cheaper? 
What  do  we  buy  from  the  baker? 


LESSON  XXXII 
COLORS 

Roses  are  red. 
The  sky  is  blue. 
Grass  is  green. 
Lemons  are  yellow. 
Nuts  are  brown. 
Snow  is  white. 
Coal  is  black. 

EXERCISES 

What  is  the  color  of  your  eyes? 

What  color  Is  a  Negro?  a  Chinaman?  a  German?  an  In- 
dian? 

Name  the  colors  of  the  following  articles  which  you  are 
now  wearing:  hat;  shoes;  coat;  tie;  collar;  shirt. 

What  are  the  colors  of  the  American  flag? 

Fill  in  the  blank  spaces  below  with  the  color. 

The  ceiling  in  this  room  is  

The  walls  are  painted  

58 


REVIEW  EXERCISES 


59 


My  hair  is  

The  cover  of  my  book  is  

Leaves  are   in  Spring  and 

Autumn. 
An  old  man  has  .  .  hair. 


in 


LESSON  XXXIII 

REVIEW  EXERCISES 
QUESTIONS  TO  BE  ANSWERED 

(First,  the  teacher  should  read  the  question  and  call  upon  a 
pupil  to  answer.  Then  some  pupils  read  the  questions  and 
other  pupils  answer.  Writing  the  answers  is  the  third  stage  in 
the  exercise.  By  way  of  summary,  a  number  of  pupils  may 
be  called  upon  to  read  their  answers.) 


QUESTION 

What  is  your  name? 
Where  do  you  live? 
With     whom     do     you 

board  ? 

What  is  your  business? 
(What  do  you  work 

at?) 

(What  is  your  occu- 
pation ?) 


ANSWER 

My  name  is  

I  live  at Street 

I  board  with  . 


I  am  a 


6o 


ENGLISH  FOR   COMING  CITIZENS 


Who  is  your  employer  ?  My  employer  is  

Where  do  you  work  ?  I  work  at 

How  much  do  you  earn?  I  earn   dollars  a 

week. 

Where  were  you  born?  I  was  born  in  

How  long  have  you  been  I  have  been years 

in  America  ?  and    months 

in  this  country. 

What  was  your  business  I  was  a  

in  Europe? 

(  Yes,  I  am  married. 
Are  you  married? 

I  No,  I  am  single. 

How  many  children  have  I  have  children. 

you? 

How  old  is  your  youngest  My  youngest  child  is 

child?  years  old. 

How  old  is  your  oldest  My  oldest  child  is 

child?  years  old. 

Are   your   children   here  Yes,  my  children  are  with  me. 

also? 

Is  your  wife  in  this  coun-  Yes,  my  wife  is  here. 

try? 

Does  your  wife  work?  No,  she  stays  at  home. 

Do  your  children  work?  No,  my  children  go  to  school. 

How  old  are  you  ?  


LESSON  XXXIV 
NUMBER  EXERCISES 
Read  the  following  numbers: 


18 

6 

57 

101 

275 

970 

1915 

2000 

404 

99 

600 

12 

$5.75 

$  .75 

$  .05 

$1.00 

$  .10 

$  .01 

$5,000.00 

$150.00 

$100.00 

$1.12 

$52.50 

$1.98 

What  articles  are  sold  for  these  prices? 

3  for  5c.     2  for  25  c.     3  for  $1.00        3  for  10c. 
2  for  3c.     3  for  50  c.     6  for  25  c.         5c.  a  piece 

EXERCISES 

Count  the  men  in  this  room. 

How  many  men  are  there  in  the  room? 

61 


62  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

How  many  women  are  there  in  the  room? 

Count  the  pencils  on  the  table. 

Are  there  more  pencils  than  pens  on  the  table? 

The  teacher  has  5  pencils.     Each  pencil  costs  2c.    How 

much  do  the  5  pencils  cost? 
How  much  hioney  have  you  in  your  pocket? 
How  much  do  you  earn  each  week? 
How  much  do  you  pay  for  rent? 
How  many  windows  do  you  see? 
How  many  seats  are  there  in  this  room? 
How  much  do  you  weigh? 
How  tall  are  you? 

LESSON  XXXV 

UNITED   STATES  MONEY 

(The  teacher  should  have  at  hand  all  possible  coins  and  bills.) 

Money  is  made  either  of  metal  or  of  paper. 
A  piece  of  metal  money  is  called  a  coin;  a 
piece  of  paper  money  is  called  a  bill.  Coins  in 
the  United  States  are  made  of  the  following 
metals:  bronze,  nickel,  silver,  and  gold.  A  cent 
is  made  of  bronze;  a  five-cent  piece  is  made 
of  nickel  and  is  called  a  "nickel."  Dimes, 


UNITED   STATES   MONEY  63 

quarters,  half-dollars,  and  dollars  are  made  of 
silver.  Ten  cents  make  a  dime.  Ten  dimes 
make  a  dollar.  Twenty-five  cents  make  a 
quarter.  Fifty  cents  make  a  half-dollar  and 
one  hundred  cents  make  a  dollar. 

Gold  coins  are  not  used  as  much  as  silver 
coins  and  bills  because  the  gold  coins  are 
small.  We  have  the  dollar  gold  piece,  the  two- 
and-one-half-dollar  gold  piece,  the  five-dollar  gold 
piece,  the  ten-dollar  gold  piece,  which  is  called 
"the  eagle,"  and  the  twenty-dollar  gold  piece, 
which  is  called  "the  double  eagle." 

Paper  money  is  just  as  good  as  metal  money 
and  is  easier  to  carry.  The  Government  gives 
out  these  paper  bills:  one  dollar,  two  dollars, 
five  dollars,  ten  dollars,  twenty  dollars,  fifty  dol- 
lars, one  hundred  dollars,  five  hundred  dollars, 
one  thousand  dollars,  ten  thousand  dollars. 

All  money  is  made  by  the  Government  only. 
Coins  and  bills  not  made  by  the  Govern- 
ment have  no  value.  Such  money  is  called 
"counterfeit."  It  is  a  crime  in  this  country  to 


64  ENGLISH  FOR   COMING  CITIZENS 

make  counterfeit  money.  A  person  who  makes 
counterfeit  money  may  be  punished  by  being 
sent  to  prison  for  twenty  years.  It  is  also  a 
crime  to  try  to  buy  anything  with  counterfeit 
money  or  to  have  counterfeit  money  in  your 
possession.  All  counterfeit  money  must  be 
broken  up  and  destroyed.  Examine  your 
money  carefully.  If  you  are  not  sure  that  the 
money  is  -good,  take  it  to  a  bank,  and  the 
cashier  will  be  glad  to  tell  you  if  your  money 
is  good. 

EXERCISES 

How  many  dimes  in  a  dollar? 

How  many  nickels  in  a  quarter?  in  a  dollar? 

How  many  nickels  in  a  dime? 

How  many  dimes  in  a  half-dollar? 

What  coins  are  made  of  silver?  of  nickel?  of  gold? 

What  paper  money  have  you  seen? 

Who  makes  our  money? 

What  is  counterfeit  money? 

How  does  the  United  States  punish  counterfeiting? 

What  must  you  do  with  counterfeit  money? 


LESSON  XXXVI 
FRACTIONS 

i^  —  one-half.  j£  —  one-quarter. 

%  —  three-quarters.  y%  —  one-third. 

^  —  two-thirds.  y%  —  one-eighth. 

^g  —  five-eighths.  ^  —  one-fifth. 

%  —  three-fifths.  ^  —  one-tenth. 

—  twelve  and  one-half. 

—  f°ur  and  three-quarters. 
three  and  one-half. 


EXERCISES 

At  12J/£c.  each  how  much  will  2  collars  cost? 

A  tailor  uses  3J4  yards  for  a  suit  of  clothes.    How  much 

will  he  need  for  3  suits  ? 
The  laundry  charges  2J^  c.   for  washing  and   ironing   1 

collar.     How  much  will  the  laundry  charge  me  for 

4  collars? 

A  yard  of  cloth  measures  36  inches. 
How  many  inches  in   ^  yard?  in  ^  yard?  in  %  yard? 

65 


66  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

How  many  minutes  in  34  hour?  in  24  hour?  in  ^  hour? 

How  much  is  TV  of  a  dollar? 

Add  \i  and  34. 

2}/£  plus  3%  plus  5 %  equals  how  much? 

A  tailor  has  14%  yards  of  cloth;  he  uses  5^  yards.  How 
many  yards  has  he  left? 

From  3J/s  take  2%. 

5%  minus  2^  equals  how  many? 

A  man  who  works  8  hours  a  day  loses  3  hours  in  one  day 
through  sickness.  If  his  salary  is  $3.20  a  day,  how 
much  money  was  taken  from  his  pay  for  sickness? 

For  overtime  a  man  gets  1J/6  times  his  regular  wages. 

A  carpenter  receives  48  c.  an  hour  and  works  3  hours 
overtime.  How  much  will  he  receive  for  the  over- 
time? 

How  much  will  3J/£  pounds  of  flour  cost  at  10  c.  a  pound? 

A  washerwoman  charges  75  cents  a  dozen  for  washing. 
What  will  she  charge  to  wash  2 ^  dozen  pieces? 

A  lady  brings  a  dressmaker  10  yards  of  cloth  for  a  dress. 
The  dressmaker  uses  only  7^  yards.  How  many 
yards  are  returned  to  the  lady? 


LESSON  XXXVII 
DEPOSITING  MONEY 


This  is  pay-day.  The  boss  gave  each  man 
a  pay  envelope.  John  takes  out  two  dollars. 
He  goes  to  the  savings-bank.  He  goes  to 


IN  THE 

BANK  OF  SAVINGS 


191 

DOLLARS 

CTS. 

GOLD        „  

COIN  

BILLS 

CHECKS 

'LIU  KPUUTUT) 

the  window  marked  "  Deposits "  and  says : 
"  Please  let  me  have  a  deposit  slip."  The 
clerk  gives  him  a  slip  and  he  fills  it  out.  He 
hands  the  slip  and  the  money  to  the  clerk. 


68  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

The  clerk  writes  the  sum  in  the  bank-book. 
He  gives  John  the  bank-book.  John  saves  two 
dollars  every  week. 

DRAWING  MONEY 

The  busy  season  is  over.  I  have  no  work. 
The  boss  laid  me  off.  I  must  have  some 
money.  I  go  to  the  savings-bank.  I  fill  out 
a  slip.  I  give  the  slip  to  the  clerk.  He  gives 
me  the  money. 

• 

"A  rolling  stone  gathers  no  moss." 
"A  spent  dollar  earns  no  interest." 

EXERCISES 

When  is  your  pay-day? 

In  what  does  the  boss  give  you  the  money? 

How  much  do  you  earn? 

How  much  do  you  save  every  week? 

Where  can  you  keep  your  money? 

Who  takes  the  money  at  the  bank? 

What  do  you  fill  out  at  the  bank? 

What  does  the  clerk  give  you? 

How  can  you  draw  money  from  the  bank? 


LESSON  XXXVIII 
TAKING  IN  WASHING 

"Do  you  take  in  washing?" 

"Yes,  ma'am." 

"  How  much  do  you  charge  ? " 

"I  charge  seventy-five  cents  a  dozen  for 
starch  pieces  and  fifty  cents  a  dozen  for  the 
others." 

"How  much  do  you  charge  for  the  hand- 
kerchiefs and  stockings  ?  " 


70  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

"I  charge  two  cents  apiece  for  handkerchiefs 
and  three  cents  a  pair  for  stockings." 

"  I  have  some  very  fine  table-cloths  and  nap- 
kins.   Can  you  take  special  care  with  them?" 
"I  am  very  careful  with  fine  linens." 
"Will  you  call  for  my  wash  ?" 
"Yes,  ma'am.     I  will  call  with  a  basket." 
"I  live  at  75  West  Side  Avenue." 
"I  will  write  down  your  address.    What  is 
your  name,  please  ? " 

"My  name  is  Mrs.  Thompson." 
"Thank  you.     I    will   call    this   afternoon   at 
four  o'clock." 

"  When  can  you  have  the  wash  ready  ?  " 
"I  will  have  it  ready  on  Saturday." 
"Can  you  deliver  the  wash  on  Saturday  at 
two  o'clock  ?" 
"Yes,  ma'am." 

"Very  well.     Good  afternoon." 
"Good  afternoon,  ma'am." 


LESSON  XXXIX 
AT  THE   RESTAURANT 

There  is  a  restaurant  near  my  shop. 
I  eat  my  lunch  in  the  restaurant. 
The  food  is  very  good  and  cheap. 
This  is  the  bill  of  fare  for  to-day. 

BILL   OF   FARE 

Vegetable  Soup 5  cents 

Roast  Beef  and  Potatoes 20  " 

Stewed  Lamb  and  Carrots 20  " 

Sausages  and  Cabbage 15  " 

Ham  and  Eggs 20  " 

Eggs — boiled  or  fried 15  " 

Sandwiches 

Cheese — Ham — Sardine — Corned    Beef . .  5  " 

Tea,  Coffee,  Cocoa,  or  Milk 5  " 

All  kinds  of  Pies 5  " 

Cake..  5  " 


72  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

The  waitress  serves  the  food  on  clean  tables. 

The  table  is  covered  with  a  table-cloth. 

The  waitress  puts  a  napkin  on  the  table. 

She  fills  your  glass  with  water  and  says: 
"What  is  your  order?" 

I  order  a  portion  of  roast  beef,  a  glass  of 
milk,  and  a  piece  of  apple  pie. 

After  my  meal  the  waitress  gives  me  a 
check  for  thirty  cents. 

I  pay  the  cashier. 

EXERCISES 

Where  do  you  eat  lunch? 
What  do  you  eat  for  lunch? 
Who  serves  you  in  the  restaurant? 
What  does  the  waitress  say? 

DRAMATIZATION  BETWEEN  Two  PUPILS 

Waiter — What  is  your  order,  sir? 

Customer — Bring  me  a  ham  sandwich,  a  cheese  sandwich, 

and  a  cup  of  coffee. 
Waiter — Is  that  all  you  wish? 

Customer — That's  all,  thanks.     Let  me  have  my  check. 
Waiter — Here  is  your  check. 


LESSON  XL 
IN  THE  BARBER-SHOP 

"Next!    Take  a  seat,  please." 

"Please  cut  my  hair." 

"Do  you  want  your  hair  cut  very  short? 

"No,  I  do  not  like  it  very  short." 

"Will  you  have  a  shampoo,  sir?" 

"Yes,  thank  you." 

"Shall  I  shave  you?" 

"Yes,  please  shave  me." 

"Would  you  like  a  close  shave?" 

73 


74  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

"No,  my  face  is  very  tender." 

"Does  my  razor  hurt  your  face?" 

"No,  it  is  very  sharp." 

"Shall  I  massage  your  face?" 

"No,  but  I  should  like  a  hot  towel." 

"Shall  I  put  some  cologne  on  your  face?" 

"No,  thank  you.  I  should  like  some  witch- 
hazel." 

"Do  you  part  your  hair  in  the  middle  or  on 
the  side?" 

"On  the  side,  please." 

"Let  me  brush  your  coat." 

"Thank  you." 

EXERCISES 

Who  shaves  you? 

Where  do  you  get  your  hair  cut? 

What  does  the  barber  put  on  your  face? 

How  often  do  you  shave? 

What  do  you  pay  for  a  shave? 

Conversation  between  two  pupils.     Ask  for: 
Hair  cut  Shave.  Shampoo. 


LESSON  XLI 
MY  FAMILY 

'Are  you  married,  Mr.   ?f" 

'Yes,  I  am  married." 

"Have  you  any  children?" 

"I  have  one  son  and  two  daughters." 

"How  old  is  your  son?" 

"  My  son  is  six  years  old." 

"Are  your  parents  living?" 

"My  father  is  living,  but  my  mother  is 
dead." 

"Then  your  children  have  a  grandfather  liv- 
ing, but  no  grandmother?" 

"No,  you  are  wrong;  my  wife's  mother  is 
living." 

"Ah!  yes.  Do  the  children  know  their 
grandparents  ?  " 

"They  know  my  wife's  parents,  but  not  mine, 
because  my  father  is  in  Europe." 

75 


76  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

"Are  your  brothers  in  this  country?" 

"  My  brothers  are  out  West,  but  my  sister 
works  in  Troy." 

"Then  the  children  do  not  know  their  uncles 
or  their  aunt?" 

"  No,  I  am  sorry  to  say." 

EXERCISES 

Are  your  parents  living? 

Have  you  any  children? 

What  are  the  names  of  your  children? 

Have  you  an  uncle  in  America? 

Where  does  your  aunt  live? 

Do  you  live  with  relatives  or  with  strangers? 

Which  of  your  relatives  have  come  to  America? 

_Haye  you  any  nephews  or  nieces  born  in  this  country? 

What  relation  to  you  is  your  father's  brother?  your  fa- 
ther's sister? 

What  do  you  call  your  sister's  husband?  your  brother's 
wife?  your  brother's  son?  his  daughter? 

How  is  your  sister-in-law  related  to  your  children?  your 
brother-in-law  ? 

Name  the  members  of  your  family. 


LESSON  XLII 
ADJECTIVES 

The  cost  of  living  is  high.  It  is  higher  than 
it  was  ten  years  ago.  We  pay  the  highest 
prices  for  food. 

Iron  is  .hard,  steel  is  harder,  and  the  dia- 
mond is  the  hardest  of  all. 

This  is  a  beautiful  picture.  My  picture  is 
more  beautiful,  but  the  picture  in  the  art 
gallery  is  the  most  beautiful  one  I  ever  saw. 

EXERCISES 
Construct  sentences,  using: 

Warm,  Warmer,  Warmest. 

Cold,  Colder,  Coldest. 

Quick,  Quicker,  Quickest. 

Slow,  Slower,  Slowest. 

Short,  Shorter,  Shortest. 

TaU,  Taller,  Tallest. 

Heavy,  Heavier,  Heaviest. 

77 


ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 


Light, 

Good, 

Bad, 

Strong, 

High, 

Cheap, 

Dear, 

Interesting, 

Big, 

Little, 

Many, 

Easy, 

Hard, 


Lighter, 

Better, 

Worse, 

Stronger, 

Higher, 

Cheaper, 

Dearer, 

More  interesting, 

Bigger, 

Less, 

More, 

Easier, 

Harder, 


Lightest 

Best. 

Worst. 

Strongest. 

Highest. 

Cheapest. 

Dearest. 

Most  interesting 

Biggest 

Least. 

Most. 

Easiest. 

Hardest 


LESSON  XLIII 
TIME-TABLE 

This  is  a  time-table.  It  shows  the  time  of 
leaving  and  the  time  of  arrival  of  trains  be- 
tween New  York  and  Chicago.  All  railroads 
have  their  own  time-tables,  and  it  is  important 
to  read  them  carefully.  On  Sundays  trains  do 
not  run  at  the  same  time  as  on  week-days. 


TIME-TABLE 


Table  1    Condensed  Time  Table—  New  York  and  Boston  to  the 

The  time  given  is  Eastern  Standard  Time  at  all  points  east  of  Suspension  Bridge  and  ^ 
of  Buffalo  and  Suspension  Bridge,  except  on  the  Michigan  Central  R.  R.  east  of  Detroit 
^"The  time  between  12.00  o'clock  noon  and  1  1.59  o'clock  i 

STATIONS 

Empire 
State 
Express 

Chicago 
Express 

Number 
One 

Number 
Forty-one 

The 
Westerner 

1 

South- 
western 
Limited 

B.  &  A. 

Wolverine 

4 

| 

8 

Bi.Snn 

f 

Daily 

1 

Daiiy 

8 

Daily 

f 

Daily 

* 
25 
Daily 

* 

Daily 

IS 

Daily 

* 

Daily 

s 

Daily 

N.  Y.  Central 

Lv  N.  Y.  (G.  C.  Term.)  

*  N  Y  125th  St 

AM 
830 

AM 
9  30 
h9  42 
J10  00 

AM 
11  30 
bll  41 

PM 
1  00 
hi  12 

PM 
200 
h2  11 
T2  28 
h8  57 
358 
455 

PM 
845 

PM 
450 



PM 
500 
h5  11 
T5  28 

h5  57 
See 
Note 

PM 
530 
h541 

h6  80 
See 
Note 

«  Yonkers 

b.924 

blO  27 
11  23 

h!226 
122 

hi  57 
248 

h838 

See 
Note 

h543 

*  Poughkeepsie  
"  Hudson  

"  Albany  

11  35 

1250 
1  22 
1  47 

255 
325 

425 
457 
5  28 
647 
7  Vt 
7  25 
815 
910 

5  55 
6  27 
6  52 
8  IE 
8  4C 
905 
1000 

h5  52 

757 

8  05 
836 

hU  20 
8(1 

906 
LL 

«  Utica  

122 

306 

507 
5  2! 
54' 
940 

h741 

950 

1013 
1033 

UOS8 

hUOS 

•  Rome  

234 

425 

h858 

11  01 

1156 

hii'46 

k!2  30 

•  Rochester  

405 

5  30 
625 

610 
800 

825 
10  15 

1000 
11  45 

1136 

Ir35 

hio'28 

1230 

1  25 
3  15 

hi  23 

h3  00 

h2  14 

Ar  Buffalo  
Ar  Niagara  Falls  

"  Suspension  Bridge  
N.  Y.  C.  R.  R. 
Lv  Buffalo  (E.T.).  

6  35 
PM 
535 

PM 
830 
7  30 

AM 

12  00 
1100 
11  55 
12  20 

AM 
1200 

11  GO 

AM 

AM 

12  00 

11  00 

All 

, 

AH 

......< 

"Buffalo  (C.T.)  

Ar  Dunkirk  

II 

8  22 

«  Westfield  

543 

845 

0     t>» 

§  "3 

••••-• 

8  01 

e  r 

92' 

1  00 
1  57 
3  10 
3  25 
4  11 
4  54 

2  06 
3  00 

q'i'35 
7  58 
8  41 

9  50 

5  22 
6  14 

I* 

II 

M 

70S 
8  15 
830 

10  16 
11  25 
11  45 
12J41 

illnian  Cars  only. 
0  Coach  Paseen- 
rs  carried. 

"  105th  St  ,  Cleveland  

"445 

7  20 
7  35 

aengers  New  York  to 
r  points  beyond  Bufl 

703 
720 
X 
X 

955 

*  Cleveland  

•Elyria  

*  Sandusky  

atetraus- 
i  on  ti.o 
pr«ss 

il  25 
2  35 
4  28 
4  52 

•  Toledo  

600 
8  03 
8  25 
9  05 

•  Waterloo  
•  Kendallville  

"  Goshen  

Ar  Adrian    

Sea 

11  00 
1  25 

*K» 



"  Sturgis  

S  £••* 

Ar  Elkhart  

**f 

5  50 
6  21 
6  59 
t'7  41 

9  25 
9  55 
10  42 

2  20 

2  5f 
3  28 

7  21 

I8 

il  10 
1  41 
•819 

•  South  Bend  
*  La  Porte  



«  Gary          

*  Englewood  

PM 

8  14 
8  30 
AM 

AM 

1205 

1220 

PM 

4  45 

5  00 
PM 

9  30 
9  45 
AM 

8 

845 
460 

FH 

*  Chicago  (la  Salle  St.  Sta.)  .  .  . 

AM 

AM 

PI 

»J«  Extra  fares  are  charged  between  certain  stations  as  follows: 

No.     3—  New  York  to  Chicago,  Elkhart,  South  Bend,  La  Porte,  Gary,  Elyri», 
Cleveland,  Sandusky,  Nilcs.  Michigan  City  and  Hammond.  HanndD 

So  ENGLISH  FOR   COMING  CITIZENS 

Look  at  this  time-table  and  tell  when  the 
train  arrives  at  Albany;  at  Cleveland;  at  Syra- 
cuse. 

Does  the  Empire  State  Express  stop  at  Sche- 
nectady?  What  train  does  stop  at  that  city? 

How  long  does  it  take  to  travel  from  New 
V^ork  to  Chicago? 

What  is  the  fastest  train  to  Chicago? 

On  what  train  would  you  travel  at  night? 

What  train  does  not  run  on  Sundays? 

What  trains  go  only  to  Buffalo? 

Look  at  the  time  for  train  number  25.  Notice 
the  statement  below — "Pullman  Cars  only.  No 
Coach  Passengers  carried."  On  such  trains,  the 
fare  is  higher  than  on  trains  that  carry  day 
coaches.  Pullman  cars  are  sometimes  called 
parlor  cars.  To  ride  in  a  Pullman  car,  you 
must  buy  a  special  ticket  and  pay  for  a  seat. 

Bring  a  time-table  to  school  and  find  out 
how  to  go  to  New  York;  to  Chicago;  to  St. 
Louis;  to  Denver;  to  San  Francisco;  to  St. 
Paul;  to  Detroit. 


LESSON  XLIV 
NEGATIVE    STATEMENTS 

I  take  milk  in  my  coffee. 

I  do  not  take  milk  in  my  coffee. 

My  friend  John  reads  English. 

My  friend  Henry  does  not  read  English. 

Americans  love  freedom. 

Some  people  do  not  love  freedom. 

EXERCISES 
Change  the  following  sentences  from  positive  to  negative 


statements: 


This  woman  takes  in  washing. 
Tony  speaks  English  very  well. 
She  understands  me. 
They  live  in  this  country. 
The  boy  sleeps  well. 
He  reads  the  newspaper. 
The  baker  bakes  bread. 

81 


82  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

The  boss  gives  you  a  job. 
The  ship  goes  out  to  sea. 
The  shoemaker  mends  my  shoes. 

Change  the  above  sentences  to  the  past  tense.  Then 
change  the  positive  statements  to  negative  statements, 
thus: 

Statement:  I  took  milk  in  my  coffee. 
Negative:  I  did  not  take  milk  in  my  coffee. 
Statement:  My  friend  John  reads  English. 
Negative:  My  friend  John  did  not  read  English. 
Statement:  Americans  love  freedom. 
Negative:  Americans  did  not  love  freedom. 


do 


LESSON  XLV 
DO,  DOES 


I 

we 
you 
they 
the  men 
.  the  women 


does 


he 

she 

it 

a  man 

a  woman 

a  child 


DO,  DOES  83 

CHANGING    STATEMENTS    TO    QUESTIONS 

I  work.  Do  I  work? 

He  works.  Does  he  work? 

You  work.  Do  you  work? 

They  work.  Do  they  work? 

Change  these  statements  into  questions: 
The  children  play. 
We  ride  to  work. 
I  eat  my  breakfast. 
The  girl  washes  dishes. 
She  sets  the  table. 
John  walks  up-stairs. 
He  sits  at  the  table. 
The  friends  quarrel. 

Read  the  above   sentences  in  the  past   tense.     Then 
change  the  statements  into  questions,  thus: 

STATEMENT  QUESTION 

I  worked.  Did  I  work? 

He  worked.  Did  he  work? 

You  worked.  Did  you  work? 

They  worked.  Did  they  work? 

The  horses  drink. 

He  works  hard. 


LESSON  XLVI 
TIME-TABLE 

(To  the  Teacher:  Instruct  pupils  to  bring  time-tables   to  school. 
Call  attention  to  "Sunday  only,"  Pullman  and  sleeping  cars.) 

Examine  the  time-table. 

How  far  is  it  from  New  York  to  Albany? 

What  trains  can  you  take? 

Which  is  the  fastest  train? 

Which  are  the  slow  trains? 

When  will  you  arrive? 

What  train  can  you  take  on  Sunday? 

There  are  only  two  kinds  of  trains  in  the 
United  States — passenger  and  freight.  Passen- 
ger-cars carry  people;  that  is,  men,  women,  and 
children.  Freight-cars  carry  baggage  and  goods, 
such  as  animals,  wheat,  iron,  furniture.  Every 
passenger-train  usually  carries  a  baggage-car, 
in  which  the  railroad  carries  the  trunks  and 
other  baggage  of  the  passengers.  On  the  ticket 
which  you  buy  at  the  railroad  station,  you  will 

find  the  following  words:    "Baggage,  etc." 

84 


POSSESSIVES 


If  the  trunk  or  baggage  weighs  more  than 
the  railroad  agrees  to  carry  free  of  charge,  the 
passenger  must  pay  for  the  excess;  that  means 
for  the  extra  weight.  Be  sure  that  you  check 
your  baggage  in  time  to  catch  the  train  on 
which  you  travel,  and  be  sure  to  get  a  check 
from  the  baggage-master. 

LESSON  XLVII 
POSSESSIVES 

This   chair  belongs  to 

me. 
The     hat     belongs     to 

Mrs.  Brown. 
Mrs.  Smith  owns   this 

house. 
This     country    is     the 

friend  of  every  man. 
These  books  belong  to 

the  men. 
This  book  belongs    to 

the  man. 


It  is  my  chair;   or, 
It  is  mine. 
This  is   Mrs.  Brown's 

hat. 
This  is  -Mrs.  Smith's 

house. 
This  country  is  every 

man's  friend. 
These   are  the   men's 

books. 
This     is     the     man's 

book. 


86  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

My     brother     has      a 
house. 


It     is     my    brother's 
house. 


My    brothers    have    a 

house. 
This    boy  has  a  sharp 

eye. 
These  boys  have  sharp 

eyes. 


It    is     my     brothers' 

house. 
The  boy's    sharp   eye 

sees  everything. 
The  boys'  sharp  eyes 

see  everything. 


We  use  the  apostrophe  to  show  ownership.     After  the 
apostrophe  we  add  an  "s."    We  do  not  add  an 
Thus: 


word  ends  in  "s." 


SINGULAR 


PLURAL 


POSSESSIVE 
SINGULAR  PLURAL 


King 

Kings 

King's 

Kings' 

Child 

Children 

Child's 

Children's 

Man 

Men 

Man's 

Men's 

Boy 

Boys 

Boy's 

Boys' 

Mr.  Jones    Messrs.  Jones         Mr.  Jones'    Messrs.  Jones' 


LESSON  XLVIII 

POSSESSIVES 

(CONTINUED) 

Fill  the  blanks  with  words  showing  possession. 

(I,  my.)     (You,  your.)     (Her,  his.)       (Our,  their.) 

Always  mind business. 

He  has  learned  lesson. 

John  paid  for dinner. 

Please  take  hat  off. 

They  brought  . . tools. 

I  must  take  medicine. 

Honor  father  and  mother. 

Change  these  sentences  to  the  possessive: 

The  lady  has  her  pocket-book. 

It  is  the pocket-book. 

Her  husband  owns  the  house. 

This  is  her  house. 

You  have  the  book  belonging  to  the  teacher. 

You  have  the  book. 

Construct  sentences,  using  the  possessive  of: 

King,    child,     friend,    neighbor,    policeman,     boy,    girl. 

87 


LESSON  XLIX 
PULLMAN  CARS 

All  trains  in  this  country  carry  first-class 
passengers  only.  We  do  not  have  second  and 
third  classes  as  they  have  in  Europe.  Many 
trains,  however,  carry  special  cars  called  "Pull- 
man cars."  The  company  charges  an  extra 
sum  for  riding  in  the  Pullman. 

Trains  that  go  long  distances  at  night 
usually  carry  Pullman  sleepers.  On  one  of 
these  sleepers,  you  may  go  to  sleep  in  New 


88 


PULLMAN    CARS 


89 


York  at  nine  o'clock  in   the  evening  and  wake 
up  in  Buffalo  the  next  morning. 

Besides    sleepers,    many    trains   carry    dining- 
cars,  where  you  can  get  a  full  meal. 

CONVERSATION 

Passenger:  What  is  the  fare  to  Pittsburgh? 

Ticket-seller:    Fourteen  dollars. 

Passenger:    How  much  for  a  sleeper? 

Ticket-seller:    Four  dollars. 

Passenger:    Does  the  9.30  train  carry  sleepers? 

Ticket-seller:  Yes,  sir,  and  a  dining-car  as  far  as  Wilkes- 
Barre. 

Passenger:  Please  let  me  have  a  through  ticket  and  an 
upper  berth. 


LESSON  L 
MILK 

Coffee  is  dark  brown.  Milk  is  white.  I  put 
milk  into  my  coffee.  Sometimes  I  put  sugar 
and  cream  into  my  coffee.  I  drink  coffee  for 
breakfast.  I  like  to  drink  tea  for  supper.  My 
baby  drinks  pure  milk.  A"- glass  of  fresh  milk 
and  a  piece  of  bread  and  butter  taste  good  to 
a  hungry  man. 

Milk  comes  from  the  country.  The  farmer 
milks  the  cows  early  in  the  morning.  He 
pours  the  milk  into  large  cans.  The  railroad 
carries  the  cans  to  the  cities.  The  milkman 
sells  milk  loose  or  in  bottles.  The  best  milk  is 
sold  in  bottles.  Milk  is  sold  by  the  pint  or 
quart.  The  price  of  milk  is  different  all  over 
the  country.  In  some  places  you  can  buy  good 
milk,  fit  for  babies  or  sick  people,  at  five  cents 
a  quart.  In  most  cities  you  must  pay  from 


MILK  91 

nine  to  eleven  cents  a  quart.  If  milk  is  not 
clean  and  pure,  it  is  dangerous.  Babies  should 
not  drink  impure  milk.  It  makes  them  sick. 
The  best  way  to  kill  harmful  things  in  milk  is 
to  boil  it.  Some  dairies  (milk-sellers)  boil  the 
milk  and  then  seal  it  in  bottles.  This  is  called 
"sterilized  milk."  Sick  children  are  given  this 
milk. 

EXERCISES 

Who  brings  us  milk? 

What  color  is  milk? 

How  much  do  you  pay  for  a  quart  of  milk? 

When  does  the  farmer  milk  his  cows? 

What  do  you  put  into  your  coffee? 

Who  sells  milk? 

What  tastes  good  to  a  hungry  man? 

How  do  we  sterilize  milk? 

What  kind  of  milk  makes  people  sick? 

What  is  the  best  way  to  kill  harmful  things  in  milk  ? 


LESSON  LI 
RELATIVE  PRONOUNS 

I  go  to  the  restaurant.  The  restaurant  is 
around  the  corner.  I  go  to  the  restaurant 
which  is  around  the  corner. 

I  pay  the  cashier.  The  cashier  sits  at  a 
desk.  I  pay  the  cashier  who  sits  at  a  desk. 

The  book  is  on  my  desk.  The  book  is 
mine.  That  book  is  mine." 

I  work  for  a  tailor.  His  name  is  Brown.  I 
work  for  a  tailor  whose  name  is  Brown. 

I   work  for  a  man.     He  is  called  Brown. 

The  man  for  whom  I  work  is  called  Brown. 

who 


whose 


for  persons. 


which  \  for     animals 


that      >      and  things, 
whom 

EXERCISES 
Make  one  sentence  out  of  each  set: 

My  boy  goes  to  school.     The  school  is  on  the  corner. 

I  have  a  friend.     I  like  my  friend. 

92 


AM,   IS,  ARE  93 

The  windows  are  clean.     They  are  in  this  room. 

These  people  live  in  glass  houses.     They  must  not  throw 

stones. 

We  learn  many  things  in  school.     The  thing?  are  useful. 
The  man  is  very  kind.     We  see  the  man's  store. 
I  have  a  hat.     It  does  not  fit  me. 
Here  is  a  poor  man.    His  child  is  sick. 


LESSON  LII 

AM,    IS,  ARE 

I  am  in  this  room. 

The  teacher  is  in  the  room  also. 

You  are  in  the  room  too. 

ONE   PERSON   IS,    TWO   PERSONS   ARE 
ONE   THING   IS,  TWO   THINGS   ARE 

I  am.  We  are. 

You  are.  You  are. 

He  (she  or  it)  is.  They  are. 

Always  use  are  after  you,  whether  you  are 
speaking  to  one  person  or  to  more  than  one. 


94  ENGLISH  FOR   COMING  CITIZENS 

EXERCISES 

Read  these  sentences  and  fill  in  the  blank  spaces  with 
the  correct  word: 

The  tailor  and  the  butcher  in  their  shops. 

These  three  men  with  me. 

You  wrong. 

She  very  pretty. 

Business  good. 

Many  people  . , out  of  town. 

this  true? 

My  children  in  school. 

Your  feet on  the  floor. 

these  my  shoes  ? 

How  you,  Mr.  Brown? 

Where my  coat? 

What  you  doing? 

all  members  present? 

There  three  pictures  on  the  wall. 

I   your  friend. 

In  this  country  you  welcome. 

Our  flag  flying.  \j 

Red,  white,  and  blue the  colors  of  our  flag. 

My  three  rooms   very  light  but  my  bath- 
room .                     .  dark. 


LESSON  LIII 

CONVERSATION  ABOUT  TRAINS 
INFORMATION    DESK 

Mr.  T. :  I  want  to  go  to  Pittsburgh.  When 
does  the  next  train  leave? 

Clerk:  The  next  train  leaves  at  six  o'clock. 
Let  me  give  you  a  time-table. 

Mr.  T. :  Thank  you.  Can  you  tell  me  if  the 
six-o'clock  train  carries  a  sleeper? 

95 


96  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

Clerk:  Yes;  sleeper,  dining-car,  and  observa- 
tion-car. 

Mr.  T.:  That's  fine.  I'll  get  my  ticket  and 
check  my  trunk. 

BAGGAGE    OFFICE 

Mr.  T.:  Will  you  check  my  trunk  through, 
please,  to  Pittsburgh? 

Baggageman:  Surely.  Let  me  see  your 
ticket. 

Mr.  T.:    Here  it  is. 

Baggageman:  I'll  punch  your  ticket.  Take 
this  baggage  check  and  give  it  to  the  baggage- 
master  in  Pittsburgh.  He  will  give  you  the 
trunk. 

Mr.  T. :  Then  I  don't  have  to  look  after  it 
until  I  arrive? 

Baggageman:  No.  The  railroad  will  take 
care  of  that. 

Mr.  T. :    Is  there  any  charge  for  this? 

Baggageman:  No.  We  carry  one  hundred 
and  fifty  pounds  of  baggage  free. 


LESSON  LIV 
RENTING  A  FLAT 


TO    LET 

4  Rooms 
Inquire  Janitor 


We  ring  the  janitor's  bell.  He  comes  to 
the  door.  "What  do  you  wish?"  My  hus- 
band says:  "We  want  to  see  the  flat"  The 
janitor  takes  us  to  the  fourth  floor  front.  He 
opens  the  door.  We  walk  in.  We  go  into 
the  kitchen.  It  is  not  very  large,  but  it  is 
light  and  sunny.  There  are  two  large  closets 
for  dishes.  There  is  a  washtub  in  the  kitchen. 
Then  we  go  into  the  bedroom.  It  has  two 
windows  facing  the  street.  The  ceiling  is 
high.  The  walls  are  painted.  Next  we  enter 
the  dining-room.  The  ceiling  is  white,  but 
the  walls  are  papered  a  light  brown.  From 


Q7 


98  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

the  dining-room,  we  go  into  the  sitting-room. 
We  like  the  flat  very  much.  The  janitor  tells 
us  the  rent.  It  is  not  dear  and  it  is  not  very 
cheap.  The  price  is  satisfactory.  We  rent 
the  flat. 

EXERCISES 

Are  you  looking  for  a  flat? 
How  many  rooms  do  you  want? 
How  much  do  you  wish  to  pay? 
Will  you  take  a  flat  on  the  "fourth  floor? 
Is  the  bedroom  too  small? 
What  kind  of  flat  would  you  like? 
What  color  do  you  want  the  sitting-room  papered? 
Do  you  like  your  bedroom  papered  or  painted? 

CONVERSATION 
"Have  you  a  flat  to  rent?" 
"  Yes,  we  have  a  four-room  flat  on  the  top  floor." 
"  Have  you  nothing  lower  down  ?  " 
"  No,  that  is  the  only  flat  vacant." 
"  How  much  is  the  rent  ?  " 
"  The  rent  is  twenty  dollars  a  month." 
"May  we  look  at  the  flat?" 
"  Certainly ;   come  with  me,  please." 


LESSON  LV 
AN  ACCIDENT 

What's  the  matter?  See  the  crowd  running 
toward  the  corner.  Every  one  wants  to  get 
near  the  drug-store.  A  man  is  lying  on 
the  floor.  He  looks  pale  and  the  blood  is 
streaming  from  a  cut  in  his  forehead.  A 
policeman  comes  in  and  says:  "Stand  away: 

99 


ioo  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

give  the  man  a  chance  to  breathe."  The 
crowd  moves  away  a  little.  The  man  is  very 
sick.  The  druggist  goes  to  the  telephone,  lifts 
the  receiver,  and  says:  "I  want  an  ambulance; 
this  is  250  Main  Street."  In  a  few  minutes 
an  ambulance  comes.  The  doctor  examines 
the  man  and  takes  him  to  the  hospital. 

EXERCISES 
What  happened? 
What  did  the  crowd  do? 
Where  was  the  man? 
What  did  the  druggist  say? 
What  did  the  doctor  do? 
How  did  the  man  look? 
When  did  the  crowd  run? 
What  did  the  policeman  say? 
When  did  the  ambulance  arrive? 
Where  did  the  ambulance  take  the  man? 
How  can  you  get  an  ambulance? 

Change  the  above  sentences  to  the  present  by  reading 
does  instead  of  did. 

(To  the  Teacher  :    Have  pupils  dramatize  the  situation  of  calling  for 
an  ambulance;  for  a  policeman;  to  report  a  fire.) 


LESSON  LVI 


BOOTS  AND   SHOES  MADE  TO  ORDER 
FINE  REPAIRING  DONE 


JOHN  FANIA 

BOOT  AND  SHOE  MAKER 

REPAIRING  NEATLY  DONE 

PRICE  LIST 

Soles  and  Heels  $ 

LOO 

Soles  

.75 

Heels     

.30 

Rubber  Heels  

.50 

Children's  Shoes: 

Soles  and  Heels  

.60 

Soles  

.40 

Heels  

.25 

"Good  morning!    Are  you  the  shoemaker?" 

"  Yes,  sir.    What  can  I  do  for  you  ? " 

"  I'd   like   you   to   repair   these   shoes.    They 

need  soles  and  heels." 

"  Do  you  want  them  hand  sewed  or  machine 

sewed  ? " 


102  ENGLISH  FOR   COMING  CITIZENS 

"Which  is  cheaper?" 

"  I  charge  seventy-five  cents  for  machine  sew 
ing   and   one   dollar   and   twenty-five   cents  for 
hand  sewing." 

"Are  hand-sewed  shoes  better  than  machine- 
sewed  shoes.'*" 

"Yes;   they  are  much  stronger." 

"Very  well,  then.    Sew  the  soles  on  by  hand 
and  make  a  good  job." 

"When  do  you  want  the  shoes?" 

"  Can  you  have  them  ready  to-morrow  night?" 

"  They'll  be  ready  to-morrow  night  at  seven 
o'clock." 

"Thank  you.    I'll  call  for  them." 

EXERCISES 

Who  repairs  shoes  ? 

How  much  does  he  charge  ? 

What  does  he  repair  ? 

Who  brings  the  shoes  to  the  shoemaker  ? 

Do  you  like  hand  sewing  or  machine  sewing  ? 

Which  is  better? 

Which  is  cheaper  ? 

When  will  the  shoes  be  ready  ? 


LESSON  LVII 
BUYING  SHOES 

Here   is   a   sale  of  shoes.    Let   us  read   the 
sign: 

ALL    MEN'S    SHOES    REDUCED    TO    $3.00;    regular 

price  $4.00. 
ALL    WOMEN'S    SHOES    NOW    $3.50;    regular    price 

$4.50. 
ALL  CHILDREN'S  SHOES  NOW  $1.75;  regular  price 

$2.50. 

103 


io4  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

Let  us  go  in  and  see  if  they  have  any 
bargains.  If  the  shoes  are  good  we  shall  buy 
a  pair  for  each  of  the  children.  I  do  not  like 
to  buy  shoes  on  special  sale.  They  do  not  fit 
or  they  do  not  wear  well,  or  something  is  the 
matter  with  them.  You  cannot  get  something 
for  nothing.  But  there  is  no  harm  in  looking 
at  what  they  have. 

CONVERSATION    BETWEEN    CUSTOMER   AND 
SALESMAN 

Salesman :    Step  this  way,  please.    Take  a  seat. 

Customer:  Let  me  see  a  pair  of  boy's  shoes, 
size  9. 

Salesman:  Do  you  want  button  or  lace 
shoes  ? 

Customer:  Which  are  better  for  a  boy  seven 
years  old? 

Salesman:  I  think  lace  shoes  are  better. 
Here  is  a  pair  of  shoes  good  for  running 
around.  These  will  stand  wear. 

Customer:   That  is  just  what  I  want.     May 


BUYING  SHOES  105 

I  take  them  home  and  have  the  boy  try  them 
on? 

Salesman:  Certainly;  we  shall  be  glad  to 
exchange  them  if  they  do  not  fit.  Would  you 
like  a  pair  of  fine  shoes  for  the  lady? 

Customer:  Show  me  a  pair  of  patent-leather 
shoes  for  dress  wear. 

Salesman:  We  do  not  recommend  patent- 
leather  shoes,  because  they  split.  Let  me  show 
you  a  pair  of  calf  shoes  that  look  very  dressy. 
Try  these  on,  please. 

Customer:  They  fit  very  well.  How  much 
are  they  ? 

Salesman:  These  shoes  are  three  dollars  and 
fifty  cents,  reduced  from  four  dollars  and  fifty 
cents. 

Customer:  I'll  take  them.  Will  you  wrap 
them  up,  please? 

EXERCISES 

What  size  shoes  do  you  wear? 

Do  you  wear  button  or  lace  shoes? 

What  did  you  pay  for  your  shoes? 


io6  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

j 

Do  your  shoes  wear  well? 

Did  you  buy  your  shoes  at  a  special  sale? 

What  kind  of  shoes  do  you  wear  on  Sundays? 

Which   part   of   your   shoes  wears   out  first — the  upper. 

the  sole,  or  the  heel? 
When  do  people  wear  low  shoes? 
When  do  people  in  this  country  wear  boots? 

LESSON  LVIII 
REVIE"W 

I  am  feet  inches  tall. 

I  am  taller  than  Mr 

I  am  shorter  than  Mr 

Mr is  heavier  than  I. 

Mr is  the  tallest  man  in  the  room. 

Mr is  the  shortest  man  in  the  room. 

I  am years  old. 

Mr is  older  than  I. 

I  am  younger  than  

I  weigh  pounds. 

My  weight  is  

How  much  more  do  you  weigh  now  than  last  vear? 

Did  you  gain  or  lose  in  weight? 

Are  you  as  heavy  as  Mr ? 


REVIEW 


107 


Who  is  the  heaviest  man  in  the  class? 

How  much  do  you  weigh  without  your  clothes? 

I  eat  soup  with  a  

A  knife  is  used  for  

I  eat  potatoes  with  a  

The  table  is  covered  with  a  

I  put  salt  on  my  

From  a  I  drink  water. 

My  head  is  on  my  

I  have  two  in  my  head  and  

ears. 

I  see  with  my  

I  have fingers  and  toes.  ' 

My  arms  are than  my  legs. 

T  with  my  nose. 

I  with  my  feet. 

My  teeth  are  


Who  is: 

rich? 
quick? 
bright? 
polite  ? 
careful  ? 


poor? 
slow? 
dull? 
impolite  ? 
careless  ? 


tall? 
dark? 
stout? 
strong  ? 
sick? 


short? 

light? 

thin? 

weak? 

well? 


io8  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

What  is: 

above  you? 

below  you? 

in  front  of  you? 

behind  you? 

to  the  right  of  you? 

to  the  left  of  you? 

Write  these  sentences,  filling  in  the  blank  spaces: 

The  windows  are  /•. of  me. 

The  door  is  of  me. 

The  teacher  is  me. 

Mr is  in  front  of  me. 

The  ceiling  is  me. 

The  floor  is  me. 

The  desk  is  me. 

Mr is  behind  me. 

My  book  is  the  table. 

My  feet  are the  table. 


My  hat  is 
go  to  a  hat 
bows. 

Salesman : 
Customer : 
Salesman : 
Customer : 
Salesman : 
Customer: 


LESSON  LIX 
BUYING  A  HAT 

very  old.     I   need  a  new  hat.     I 
store.    The  salesman  smiles   and 

What  do  you  wish? 

I  want  a  hat. 

What  kind  of  hat  do  you  want  ? 

I  want  a  soft  hat. 

What  size  do  you  wear? 

I  wear  size  7. 


IOQ 


no  ENGLISH  FOR   COMING  CITIZENS 

Salesman:  Try  this  one  on,  please. 

Customer:  I  do  not  like  this  hat.  The  brim 
is  too  large. 

Salesman:  Let  me  show  you  another  style. 
Try  this  hat,  please. 

Customer:  I  like  this  hat.    How  much  is  it  ? 

Salesman:  This  hat  costs  two  dollars  and 
fifty  cents. 

Customer:  I'll  take  it. 

Salesman:  Shall  I  wrap  it  up  for  you  or 
will  you  wear  it? 

Customer:  I'll  wear  the  new  hat.  Please 

wrap  up  the  old  one. 

(Vary  this  lesson  by  buying  a  derby  hat;  object  to  the  color,  price, 
crown,  fit,  material.  Introduce  the  meanings  of  the  following 
words  in  the  course  of  the  conversation:  dear,  cheap,  afford, 
felt,  soft,  smooth,  rough.) 

EXERCISES 

Have  you  a  new  hat? 

What  kind  of  hat  do  you  wear? 

What  size  is  your  hat? 

Where  do  you  buy  your  hat? 

How  much  do  you  pay  for  a  hat? 

What  do  you  say  to  the  salesman? 


LESSON  LX 

SINGULAR  AND  PLURAL 

ONE,    MORE  THAN  ONE 

The  boy  reads.  The  boys  read. 

The  man  buys.  The  men  buy. 

The  child  sleeps.  The  children  sleep. 

The  woman  sweeps.  The  women  sweep. 

The   lady   goes   shop-  The    ladies    go    shop- 
ping, ping. 

Select  the  correct  form  in  these  sentences: 

The  butcher  (sell,  sells)  meat. 

Horses  (eat,  eats)  oats. 

This  tool  (cut,  cuts)  well. 

The  grocer  (weigh,  weighs)  the  flour. 

The  doctor  (bandage,  bandages)  my  arm. 

The  sun  (shine,  shines). 

She  (walk,  walks)  into  the  room. 

Every  man  (work,  works)  for  a  living. 

The  boss  (treat,  treats)  his  men  well. 

At  twelve  o'clock  the  whistles  (blow,  blows). 


ii2  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

The  children  (come,  comes)  home  from  school. 

In  the  garden  many  pretty  flowers  (grow,  grows). 

Our  cow  (give,  gives)  us  fresh  milk. 

My  parents  (write,  writes)  me  a  letter  every  week. 

We  (eat,  eats)  our  dinner  at  home. 

The  man  and  his  wife  (dance,  dances)  beautifully. 

My  son  and  my  daughter  (go,  goes)  to  school. 

The  people  of  America  (love,  loves)  freedom. 

He  (become,  becomes)  a  citizen  of  the  United  States. 

Our  country  (protect,  protects)  .you. 

In  the  park  the  band  (play,  plays). 

He  (speak,  speaks)  English  very  well. 

LESSON  LXI 
CONTRACTIONS 

In    talking,    the    following    expressions    are 
usually  shortened  thus : 

I  am       is  shortened  to  I'm. 
you  are  "  you're, 

he  is  "  he's, 

she  is  "  she's. 

it  is  "  it's. 


113 

that  is  is  shortened  to  that's. 

what  is  "  what's. 

who  is  "  who's. 

-we  are  "  we're. 

they  are  "  they're. 

I  have  "  I've. 

we  have  "  we've. 

they  have  "  they've. 

he  is  not  "  he  isn't  or  he's  not 

I  cannot  "  I  can't. 

I  do  not  "  I  don't. 

he  does  not  "  he  doesn't. 

EXERCISES 
Use  contracted  forms  in  these  sentences: 

What  is  the  matter? 

You  are  wrong. 

This  is  not  Russia. 

He  is  my  friend. 

It  is  true. 

Who  is  the  foreman? 

I  cannot  go  with  you  to-day. 

I  have  had  the  pleasure  of  meeting  you  before. 


ii4  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

That  is  not  your  affair. 

I  am  not  interested  in  your  story. 

Can  you  not  come  to  court? 

I  am  a  native  of  America. 

We  do  not  work  on  Labor  Day. 

He  does  not  know  what  you  mean. 

LESSON  LXII 

WORDS  THAT  TELL  "HOW"  OR  "IN  WHAT 
MANNER" 

The  man  is  slow.  He  works  slowly. 

He  is  a  rapid  reader.  He  reads  rapidly. 

Her  dress  is  beautiful.  She  dresses  beautifully 

My  coat  is  warm.  I  am  warmly  dressed. 

The  judge  was  kind.  He  spoke  kindly. 

Use  the  following  words  in  sentences: 

slowly 

easily 

lazily 

well 

poorly 

suddenly 

swiftly 


bright 

brightly 

slow 

rapid 

rapidly 

-  easy 

brave 

bravely 

lazy 

wise 

wisely 

good 

soft 

softly 

poor 

hard 

hard 

sudden 

equal 

Squally 

-  swift 

"HOW"  OR  "IN  WHAT  MANNER"  115 

EXERCISES 
Fill  the  blank  spaces  with  words  that  tell  "how." 

The  fire  is  burning  

I  walk  very 

Diamonds  sparkle 

You  speak  English  

It  is  raining  

The  door  closed  

The  money  was  divided   between  the  chil- 
dren. 

He  swam  across  the  river.  • 

Our  soldiers  fought in  the  war. 

The  man  died  

The  Belgian  people  were fed. 

the  weeks  go  by.' 

General  Foch  decided  to  wait. 

it  began  to  rain./ 

The  nurse  spoke    to  the  wounded  soldier. 

He  turned  around  to  look  at  her. 

She  was  dressed  

She  came  to  his  side. 

The  tired  man  walks  . 


LESSON  LXIII 
PREPOSITIONS 


to 

for 

*  in 

into 

of 

on 

.by 

near 

at 

from 

across 

against 

with 

/between- 

before 

xbehind 

among 

beside 

-_  over 

—  through 

below 

Xipon 

without 

X  beyond 

under 

Read  the  following  sentences,  filling  in  the  blanks  with 
the  correct  preposition: 

I  went a  wedding. 

He  took  it me. 

This  coat  was  stolen me. 

It  belongs my  brother. 

What's  the  matter  you  ? 

The  table  is  covered  flies. 

I  have  a  reference  my  last  employer. 

I  am  sorry  you. 

Don't  be  angry  the  policeman. 

116 


PREPOSITIONS  117 

Why  are  you  laughing  the  man? 

We  bought  the  shoes the  shoemaker. 

The  coat  was  made the  tailor. 

Her  dress  is  made  silk. 

He  walked the  shop ten  o'clock. 

Bathing  is  very  good  the  health. 

Don't  live  your  means. 

The  floor  is  the  feet. 

The  apple  falls the  tree. 

Don't  speak my  back. 

He  sat  two  ladies. 

May  I  ask  you  a  light? 

He  threw  a  ball  the  window. 

the  door  was  a  sign. 

The  boat  sailed  the  ocean. 

We  take  a  bath  breakfast. 

He  was  grateful me my  kind- 
ness. 

Place  your  hands  . . . .' the  shoulders 

the  man  front  of  you. 

When  you  walk  the  room,  put  your  hat 

.  the  closet. 


LESSON  LXIV 
THE  PROGRESSIVE  FORM 

I  work  every  day.    Now  I  am  working. 

I  read  English.  At  this  moment  I  am  read- 
ing English. 

Mr.  Brown  teaches  all  th~e  time.  He  is  teach- 
ing us  now. 

These  men  learn  to  speak  English.  They  are 
learning  this  evening. 

You  speak  every  day.    You  are  speaking  now. 

The  woman  washes  her  clothes.  She  is  wash- 
ing now. 

I  take,  to-day;  every  day;  at  the  present  time. 

You  take.  We  take. 

He  takes.  You  take. 

She  takes.  They  take. 
It  takes. 

118 


THE  PROGRESSIVE  FORM  119 

I  am  taking,  now;  at  this  moment;  at  present. 

You  are  taking.  We  are  taking. 

He  is  taking.  You  are  taking. 

She  is  taking.  They  are  taking. 
It  is  taking. 

Change  the  following  sentences  to  the  progressive  form: 

The  church  bells  ring. 

The  people  go  to  church. 

They  sit  in  the  pews. 

The  minister  reads  the  Bible. 

He  delivers  a  sermon. 

The  widow  prays  for  her  husband. 

I  sing  a  hymn. 

You  listen  to  me. 

We  bow  to  our  neighbors. 

Questions  to  be  answered  by  the  pupils: 

What  are  you  doing  now?     What   were    you    doing    at 

Who  is  talking  now?  noon? 

Are  you  working  now?  What  are  you  looking  at? 

NOTE. — Let  a  pupil  perform  several  actions  in  succession  and  let 
the  class  describe  the  actions,  e.  g.,  you  are  sitting,  you  are  stand- 
ing, you  are  walking,  you  are  writing,  etc.  Vary  the  procedure 
by  describing  actions  in  different  persons,  e.  g.,  he  is  walking, 
they  are  writing,  etc. 


LESSON  LXV 
ASKING  YOUR  WAY 
This  advertisement  was  in  a  newspaper: 

WAXTED — Cigarmakers — Men  and  Women. 
Apply  in  person  at  the  factory  before  10 
o'clock.  Strauss  &  Co.,  25  E.  34  St, 

John  Smith  saw  this  advertisement.  He  is 
a  cigarmaker  but  he  has  no  position.  He 
met  a  policeman  and  asked  him  how  to  go  to 
25  East  34th  Street.  This  is  the  conversation 
between  John  Smith  and  the  policeman: 

John  Smith:  Excuse  me,  sir!  Please  tell  me  how  to  go 
to  25  East  34th  Street 

Policeman:  Take  the  Eighth  Avenue  car  and  get  a 
•transfer.  Ride  down  to  34th  Street  and  take  the  East  34th 
Street  car.  Ask  the  conductor  to  let  you  off  at  No.  25. 

John  Smith:    Thank  you  very  much. 

Smith  took  the  car  and  got  off  at  34th 
Street.  He  then  asked  a  stranger  which  was 
the  East  34th  Street  car. 


ASKING  YOUR  WAY  121 

John  Smith:  I  beg  your  pardon,  can  you  tell  me  which 
is  the  East  34th  Street  car? 

Stranger:  This  car  coming  now  goes  east.  How  far  do 
you  want  to  go? 

John  Smith:  I  want  to  go  to  No.  25  East  34th  Street. 

Stranger:  Ask  the  conductor  to  let  you  off. 

John  Smith:  I'm  much  obliged  to  you,  sir. 

The  conductor  called  out  when  Smith  was 
near  No.  25.  He  got  off  at  the  corner  and 
walked  a  little  distance  until  he  came  to  the 
cigar  factory  of  Strauss  &  Co.  He  went  in- 
side and  applied  for  the  job. 

EXERCISES 

Conversation  between  two  pupils: 

Ask  how  to  go  to  the  public  library.  To  the  theatre.  To 
the  park.  To  the  museum.  To  the  post-office.  To 
the  railroad  station.  To  the  bank.  To  the  glove- 
counter  hi  the  department  store. 

(Xote  to  the  Teacher:  The  teacher  should  participate  in  this  dram- 
atization until  the  pupils  have  acquired  confidence.  Then  let 
two  bright  pupils  conduct  the  conversations  and  gradually  draw 
in  the  less  advanced  pupils.) 


LESSON  LXVI 

FORMS   USED   IN  LETTERS 
TITLES 

To  a  man:  Mr.  James  Smith. 
To  an  unmarried  lady:  Miss  Mary  White, 
To  a  boy:  Master  Fred  Brown. 
To  a  married  lady:  Mrs.  Bessie  Green  or  Mrs. 
John  Green.    (The  lady  is  married  to  John 
Green.) 

To  a  firm:  Messrs.  Green  &  Blue. 
To   a   company:    The  American  Express  Com- 
pany. 

Messrs.  R.  H.  Macy  &  Co. 
Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 
To  a  lawyer:  Ralph  Emerson,  Esq. 
To  a  physician:  Dr.  Henry  Wile. 
To  a  public  man:  Hon.  Theodore  Roosevelt 


122 


FORMS  USED  IN  LETTERS 


123 


SALUTATIONS 

To  a  man : 

Dear  Sir:  My  dear  Sir: 

Dear  Mr My  dear  Mr. 

To  a  woman: 

Dear  Madam:  My  dear  Madam: 

Dear  Miss My  dear  Miss 

Dear  Mrs My  dear  Mrs.   

To  a  firm  or  to  a  company: 

Dear  Sirs:  Gentlemen: 


To  a  friend: 

My  dear  George, 
Dear  George, 


My  dear  friend  Tom, 
Friend  Tom, 
Dear  Tom, 


Complimentary  close: 

Yours  truly,  Yours  respectfully, 

Very  truly  yours,       Yours  sincerely, 
Your  friend, 


LESSON  LXVII 
LETTER  ASKING  FOR  INFORMATION 


V£A^?-^S  _-i>7«-t<^-     *-*~t*^-<S, 


124 


sY&—  ~- 


<7 

^-^^-j-^-2-^l«->^?^-&-->-i--^  / 


a^yf-^e^-^'^ff-->^i^^^^^c^>T^f--^^ 


I2S 


126  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

Write  a  letter  to  one  of  the  following: 

To  a  vocational  school  for  information  and  for  catalogue 
of  their  courses. 

To  the  Postum  Food  Company  for  a  sample  of  their 
goods. 

To  the  Victor  Phonograph  Company  for  a  catalogue  of 
their  new  records. 

To  the  Western  Magazine  Company,  enclosing  ten  cents 
for  a  sample  copy  of  their  magazine. 

To  the  Ford  Motor  Compaay  for  information  about 
terms  of  employment. 

To  the  Metropolitan  Life  Insurance  Company  for  infor- 
mation about  the  cost  of  a  policy  for  you.  Be  sure 
to  give  your  age  at  your  nearest  birthday,  what  kind 
of  policy  you  want,  and  for  how  much  you  wish  to  be 
insured. 

To  the  Lost  and  Found  Department  of  the  Interborough 
Rapid  Transit  Company,  asking  whether  an  article 
which  you  lost  has  been  found.  Describe  the  article 
so  that  they  may  be  sure  it  belongs  to  you. 

To  the  advertiser  in  the  following  advertisement: 


WANTED:  10  men  for  profitable  work  at  home. 
No  experience  necessary.  State  age  and 
education.  R.  216  Times. 


LESSON  LXVIII 
NUMBER  EXERCISES 

1st— first.  12th— twelfth. 

2d — second.  13th — thirteenth. 

3d— third.  14th— fourteenth. 

4th— fourth.  15th— fifteenth. 

5th— fifth.  16th— sixteenth. 

6th — sixth.  17th — seventeenth. 

7th — seventh.  18th — eighteenth. 

8th — eighth.  19th— nineteenth. 

9th— ninth.  20th— twentieth. 

10th— tenth.  21st— twenty-first, 

llth— eleventh.  100th— one  hundredth. 

The  twelve  months  of  the  year  are: 

January.  May.  September. 

February.  June.  October. 

March.  July-  November. 

April.  August.  December. 

What  is  the  1st  month? 
What  is  the  12th  month? 
What  is  the  3d  month? 
What  is  the  5th  month? 

127 


128  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

What  is  the  7th  month? 
What  is  the  2d  month? 
February  is  what  month? 
November  is  what  month? 

What  day  of  the  week  is  Sunday?  Saturday?  Wednesday? 

Thursday  ? 

On  what  day  of  the  month  did  school  open? 
On  what  day  of  the  month  does  Christmas  come?    New 

Year's? 

Here  is  a  list  of  the  first  sixteen  Presidents  of  the  United 
States. 

George  Washington.  William  Henry  Harrison. 

John  Adams.  John  Tyler. 

Thomas  Jefferson.  James  K.  Polk. 

James  Madison.  Zachary  Taylor. 

James  Monroe.  Millard  Fillmore. 

John  Quincy  Adams.  Franklin  Pierce. 

Andrew  Jackson.  James  Buchanan. 

Martin  Van  Buren.  Abraham  Lincoln. 

Who  was  the  first  President?  the  fifteenth?  the  sixteenth? 
the  eighth?  the  third?  the  fifth?  the  second?  the 
seventh?  the  fourth? 


LESSON  LXIX 
ORDERING  GOODS  BY  MAIL 


Order  by  mail  a  bill  of  goods  from  any  firm  whose  name 
you  know.  State  the  method  of  payment:  whether  it  is 
C.  O.  D.,  or  whether  you  enclose  check,  cash,  money-order, 
or  postal  money-order,  or  whether  you  want  the  goods 

charged  to  your  account. 

129 


LESSON  LXX 
LETTER  OF  COMPLAINT 


NOTICE  OF  REMOVAL  131 

Write  a  letter  complaining  that  goods  which  you  ordered 
have  not  arrived. 

Write  a  letter  complaining  that  a  bill  of  goods  which 
you  ordered  failed  to  arrive  on  tune. 

Write  a  letter  stating  that  the  box  in  which  goods  were 
packed  was  opened. 

Write  a  letter  complaining  that  the  goods  which  you 
received  were  not  the  goods  which  you  ordered. 

Write  a  letter  saying  that  the  goods  which  you  received 
were  poorly  made. 

LESSON  LXXI 
NOTICE  OF  REMOVAL 


-  ''^Zfi-yr— ^'C-^'3-7t-A->-t^x// 


i32  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

Other  ways  of  writing  this  letter: 


Read  the  model  letters  on  this  page. 

Write  the  same  kind  of  letter  to  one  of  the  following: 

The  Dime  Savings  Bank. 

The  New  York  Life  Insurance  Company. 

The  Consolidated  Gas  Company. 

The  principal  of  your  school. 

The  Home  Life  Insurance  Company. 

Your  employer. 


(To  the  Teacher:  After  careful  study  of  the  model  for  thought,  vo- 
cabulary, and  form,  let  pupils  answer  the  questions  orally.  This 
will  give  them  practice  in  speaking  and  at  the  same  time  help 
them  when  they  come  to  write.  While  the  rest  of  the  class  is 
writing  on  paper,  let  several  pupils  write  their  letters  on  the 
blackboard.  Criticism  of  these  letters  written  on  the  black- 
board will  help  to  make  the  pupils  self-critical.) 


LESSON  LXXII 
LETTER   OF   COMPLAINT 


/Le*^>-  £b-?~&s  /2*+-t4.  /. 

i^£^i^^^rrT^£^f--<^c^G*s^i  —  'yZt^jb^f-t^S  '  —  •#  y 
/*=}-/-  <*•  &-^£-*-*/-tx~^Sf 

(-~^sds. 


--  •^-7"-f-2-?£-«^t-7--     \0£p-&^y^*S 


t  A 

_^-^->-^-</-^-t^-Z2-«-st-Z^Z-^'tfi^>t  —  cf^ 


134  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

Write  a  letter  to  the  Adams  Express  Company  asking 
for  information  about  a  package  which  you  shipped. 

Write  a  letter  to  the  Westcott  Express  Company  asking 
why  your  trunk  failed  to  arrive. 


LESSON  LXXIII 
ADDRESSING  AN  ENVELOPE 


Write  your  address  on  an  envelope. 
Address  an  envelope  to  each  of  the  following: 

The  New  York  Life  Insurance  Company,  346  Broadway, 

New  York  City. 

Sears,  Roebuck  &  Company,  Chicago,  HI. 
Henry  Smith,  in  care  of  Jackson  &  Brown,  118  Walnut 

Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Scribner's  Magazine,  597  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City. 


Title. 
Salutation; 


LESSON  LXXIV 
EXCUSE   FOR   ABSENCE 


££*-+--&s 


Heading. 


Close, 


Name. 


135 


136  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

Address. 
City  or  town. 

Date. 

Name  of  person  to  whom  you  write. 

Address. 


Name. 


Write  a  letter  to  your  teacher  telling  why  you  were 
absent. 

Write  a  letter  to  the  school  telling  the  teacher  why  some 
other  member  of  your  family  was  absent. 

Write  a  letter  to  your  employer  telling  him  why  you 
were  absent  from  work  or  why  you  cannot  go  to  work. 

What  is  the  heading  of  a  letter? 

What  should  the  form  of  salutation  be  in  writing  to 
t»ach  of  the  following:  Curtis  Brothers?  James  McCreery 
&  Co.?  Committee  on  Public  Information?  your  teacher? 
your  employer?  the  mayor  of  your  town? 


LESSON  LXXV 
AT  THE  THEATRE 

The  other  day  I  met  my  friend  James.  I 
was  very  glad  to  see  him.  He  told  me  that  he 
had  a  very  good  position  and  that  he  was  doing 
well.  He  said:  "Let's  go  to  the  theatre  this 
evening."  I  said:  "All  right.  What  play  shall 
we  see?"  We  looked  at  the  advertisements  in 
the  newspaper  and  made  up  our  minds  to  see 
a  musical  comedy. 

We  walked  to  the  theatre.  In  front  of  the 
box-office  there  was  a  line  of  people  waiting  for 
tickets.  The  price-list  near  the  box-office  showed 
the  prices  charged  for  seats: 

PRICE-LIST 

Box  Seats $2.00  each 

Orchestra..  1.00     " 


138  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

Balcony: 

First  three  rows 75  each 

Other  rows 50     " 

Gallery 25     " 

I  heard  my  friend  say:  "Please  let  me  have 
two  fifty-cent  seats."  When  the  man  gave  him 
the  tickets  he  said:  "These  seats  are  too  far 
to  the  side.  Have  you  nothing  in  the  centre?" 
I  think  they  had  no  better  seats  because 
James  said :  "  Well,  let  me  have  seventy-five-cent 
seats." 

Then  we  entered  the  theatre.  The  doorman 
took  our  tickets,  tore  off  the  stubs,  and  gave  us 
back  the  seat  number.  We  showed  our  seat 
numbers  to  the  usher.  He  showed  us  our 
seats.  We  could  see  the  stage  very  well. 
The  orchestra  was  playing  and  we  had  just 
time  to  glance  at  our  programmes  when  the 
curtain  rose  and  the  play  began. 

The  curtain  went  down  after  the  first  act 
We  had  time  to  look  around  and  saw  many 


AT  THE  THEATRE  139 

little  red  EXIT  signs.  We  enjoyed  the  play 
very  much,  especially  the  music  and  the  danc- 
ing. 


EXERCISES 

How  often  do  you  go  to  the  theatre? 
Where  do  you  like  to  sit  in  the  theatre? 
What  kind  of  plays  do  you  like  to  see? 
What  does  the  doorman  do?  the  usher? 
Where  is  the  curtain?  the  stage?  the  balcony? 
Where  can  you  see  the  price-list? 
How  can  you  find  out  what  play  to  see? 

(To  the  Teacher:    Instruct  pupils  to  bring  newspapers  to  school  and 
teach  them  how  to  read  advertisements  of  plays.) 


LESSON  LXXVI 
YOU 

The  word  "you"  always  takes  a  plural  verb 
in  English,  even  when  we  speak  to  one  person. 
We  never  say  "you  is"  or  "you  was."  We 
say  "you  are"  and  "you  were." 

You  are  an  American  to-day. 

You  were  a  foreigner  not  long  ago. 

Your  wife  was  sick  yesterday. 

Were  you  able  to  work? 

Are  you  a  citizen  of  the  United  States? 

The  word  you  is  used  in  speaking  to  one 
person  as  well  as  to  more  than  one.  We  say: 
"  John,  you  are  a  good  boy."  Here  we  are 
speaking  to  one  boy.  We  say:  "John  and 
Fred,  you  are  good  children."  "  You  Americans 
obey  the  law."  Here  we  are  speaking  to  more 
than  one. 


140 


YOU  141 

EXERCISES 

In  the  blank  spaces  below,  choose  the   correct   form   of 
"was"  or  "were." 

Where  you  all  day? 

When  the  men  discharged? 

Our  door  locked. 

The  stores  closed  on  New  Year's  Day. 

you  ready  at  six  o'clock? 

The  building  destroyed  by  fire. 

the  letter-carrier  here? 

My  letters  mailed. 

The  post-office  closed. 

Why  you  absent  from  school  ? 

With  whom  you  at  the  theatre? 

You  and  I  good  friends. 

your  friend  working  yesterday  ? 

Whose  book  you  reading? 

Your  shoes  well  polished. 

/^    you  ever  discharged  ? 

How  much  your  wages? 

January  and  February cold  months  last  year 

I  sick  and  you  my  nurse. 

The  children  in  school. 

Each  man  .  .   there  with  his  wife. 


LESSON  LXXVII 
IN  A  DEPARTMENT  STORE 

CONVERSATION    BETWEEN    CUSTOMER    AND 
SALESMAN 

"Good  evening.     What  can  I  do  for  you?" 

"I'd  like  to  see  a  man's  suit,  please." 

"For  yourself?" 

"Yes.  I  want  a  good  business  suit  in  gray 
or  brown." 

"Try  this  coat  on,  please.  I  want  to  see 
what  size  you  wear.  This  fits  very  we'll  You 
take  size  38." 

"The  sleeves  are  a  little  too  long." 

"  We  can  change  that  very  easily.  We  make 
no  charge  for  alterations." 

"I  don't  like  this  material.  It's  too  rough. 
Please  show  me  something  better." 

"Here's  a  very  fine  suit,  well  tailored  and 
very  reasonable." 


IN  A  DEPARTMENT   STORE  143 

"Let  me  try  this  on,  please.  What  is  the 
price  of  this  suit?" 

"You  may  have  it  for  eighteen  dollars 
Please  step  this  way  and  put  on  the  vest  and 
trousers." 

"The  shoulders  need  lifting  and  the  trousers 
are  too  long." 

"Our  tailor  will  alter  that  very  easily." 

"When  can  the  suit  be  ready?" 

"You  may  have  it  by  Wednesday.  Shall  I 
send  it  or  will  you  step  in  for  it?" 

"Please  send  it  to  my  home." 

"We  have  a  special  sale  in  ties.  Let  me 
show  you  some  of  them." 

"No,  I  don't  need  any,  thank  you.  Good 
night." 

(To  the  Teacher:  To  secure  variety,  let  pupils  vary  the  sentences  in 
the  preceding  lesson.  Thus,  instead  of  "What  can  I  do  for 
you?"  accept  such  sentences  as  "What  do  you  wish,"  "Can 
I  do  anything  for  you?"  Each  pupil  should  write  a  varied  form 
of  the  important  sentences  in  his  note-book.  These  written  con« 
versation  forms  will  make  interesting  reading  to  the  class.) 


LESSON  LXXVIII 
CONVERSATION  EXERCISES 

The  words  on  this  page  are  used  in  buying  and  selling. 

Make  sentences  in  which  you  use  as  many  of  these  words 
as  you  know. 

Let  two  students  act  as  salesman  and  customer.  Make 
up  a  conversation  in  buying  an  article. 

Buy.      Sell.      Dear.      Cheap.     Bargain.     Afford.      Can't 

afford. 
How  much  ?    What's  the  price  of  ?    What 

does  cost? 

Sale.     Reduced. 

Soiled.     Damaged.     Torn.     Broken. 

Send.    Exchange.    Return. 

Fit.     Becoming.     Tight.     Loose.     Big.     Large.     Small 

High.    Low. 
Pretty.    Ugly. 
Rough.     Smooth.     Coarse.    Fine. 

Well  made.    Badly  made. 

144 


CONVERSATION  EXERCISES  145 

Dark.     Light.     Shade. 

Credit.     Change. 

Cash.     C.  O.  D.     Instalment.     Check.     Money-order. 

Articles  to  be  bought: 

For  Men:  Shirt,  collar,  tie,  gloves,  underwear,  sweater, 
hat,  cap,  shoes,  slippers,  socks,  handkerchiefs,  belt, 
overalls,  suit,  trousers  (pants),  overcoat. 

For  Women:  Waist,  skirt,  shoes,  stockings,  garters,  gloves, 
underwear,  shawl,  belt,  petticoat,  suit,  jacket,  coat, 
hat,  veil,  ribbon. 

Goods   are  made  of:    Wool,   cotton,   silk,   linen. 

Names  of  goods:  Silk,  velvet,  satin,  plush,  wool,  cotton, 
linen,  muslin,  calico,  flannel,  cambric. 

EXERCISES 

For  written  work  and  spelling:   With  books  open,  write  a 

conversation  between  salesman  and  customer. 
Read  your  conversation  lesson  to  the  class. 


LXXIX 
PUBLIC   SIGNS 

Last  Sunday  it  was  very  warm  and  we  de- 
cided to  spend  the  day  in  the  country.  On 
our  way  we  read  all  the  signs  which  we  saw. 
In  the  trolley-car  there  was  this  sign: 

SMOKING   ON   THE   FOUR    REAR   SEATS   ONLY 

When  we  arrived  at  the  RAILROAD 
STATION  we  found  that  we  had  just  missed 
a  train.  The  gates  were  down  and  we  had 
time  to  read  several  signs. 

In  the  WAITING-ROOM  we  noticed  more 
signs : 

NO  SMOKING 
SPITTING  ON  THE  FLOOR  PROHIBITED 

We  looked  around  the  room  at  all  the  win- 
dows and  doors.  Everything  seemed  to  have  a 

sign  on  it.    There  was  the  TICKET  OFFICE 

146 


PUBLIC  SIGNS  147 

and  the  TELEGRAPH  OFFICE.  Next  to 
that  was  a  window  marked  INFORMATION. 
The  busiest  place  of  all  seemed  to  •  be  the 
BAGGAGE-ROOM.  It  was  piled  high  with 
trunks  and  hand-bags.  One  door  was  marked 
NO  ADMITTANCE  and  another  had  a  sign 
on  it  which  read  PRIVATE.  They  did  not 
want  any  one  to  enter  either  of  these  two  doors. 

At  last  our  train  arrived.  The  conductor 
called  ALL  ABOARD;  the  whistle  blew,  and 
we  were  off  for  the  country. 

In  about  an  hour  we  got  out  at  our  station. 
There  was  a  pretty  little  garden  near  by,  but 
the  children  could  not  play  there  because  they 
saw  the  sign  KEEP  OFF  THE  GRASS. 
We  passed  other  pretty  places,  but  we  did  not 
go  near  them  because  the  signs  warned  us  off. 
These  were  some  of  the  signs: 

NO  THOROUGHFARE 
NO  TRESPASSING 

NO  CROSSING 

COMMIT  NO  NUISANCE 

KEEP  OUT 


148  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

At  last  we  came  to  a  beautiful  field  which 
had  no  signs  to  keep  us  out,  and  we  spent  a 
very  pleasant  day  in  the  country. 

LESSON  LXXX 
CONVERSATION  LESSON  ON  SIGNS 

Read  the  signs  printed  below  and  on  pages 

149  and  150.  „; 

Where  have  you  seen  these  signs? 
Pick  out  the  signs  which  you  see  every  day. 
What  other  signs  do  you  see  on  your  way 
to  work? 

What  signs  do  you  see  in  your  shop? 
Which  of  these  signs  is  not  clear  to  you? 

CHILDREN  UNDER  SIXTEEN  NOT  ADMITTED. 

HELP  WANTED. 

MEN  WANTED  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES  ARMY. 

MEN  WANTED  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES  NAVY. 

DENTIST. 

DRUGGIST. 

APOTHECARY. 


CONVERSATION  LESSON  ON  SIGNS  149 

DOCTOR. 

OFFICE  HOURS,  10  TO  11  A.  M.— 5  TO  6  P.  M. 

TO  LET. 

FOR  RENT. 

FOR  SALE. 

FIVE  DOLLARS  DOWN  AND  FIFTY  CENTS  A  WEEK. 

FREIGHT  ELEVATOR. 

UP-TOWN. 

DOWN-TOWN. 

U.  S.  MAIL. 

POLICE-STATION. 

HOSPITAL  STREET. 

HANDS  OFF. 

ENTRANCE  AROUND  THE  CORNER. 

SCHOOL  STREET— DRIVE  SLOWLY. 

PUSH. 

PULL. 

BEWARE  OF  THE  DOG. 

DO  NOT  FEED  OR  ANNOY  THE  ANIMALS. 

SMOKING-ROOM. 

SAFETY  FIRST. 

EXPRESS  OFFICE. 


150  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

DANGER. 

PAINT. 

POST  NO  BILLS. 

TELEPHONE  PAY-STATION. 

FIRE-ESCAPE. 

FIRE-ALARM. 

MEN'S  LAVATORY. 

FOR  MEN. 

FOR  WOMEN. 

THIS  WAY  OUT. 

PAY  AS  YOU  ENTER. 

LESSON  LXXXI 
THE   WEATHER 

This  is  a  very  warm  and  pleasant  day. 

The  sun  is  shining  brightly  and  there  is  not 
even  one  cloud  in  the  sky. 

It  is  too  warm  for  an  overcoat. 

The  paper  says  that  we  shall  have  showers 
this  evening,  but  I  do  not  always  believe  what 
the  newspaper  says. 


THE  WEATHER  151 

I  shall  not  take  an  umbrella. 

Yesterday  it  rained  very  hard.  The  wind 
blew  and  the  rain  came  down  in  torrents.  I 
forgot  to  take  my  rubbers  and  I  caught  a  very 
bad  cold.  I  do  not  feel  well  in  rainy  weather. 
Everything  is  cold  and  damp.  My  clothing 
clings  to  my  body,  and  yet  I  know  that  we 
must  have  rain. 

The  farmers  need  rain  for  their  crops. 

In  winter  the  snow  falls  and  covers  the 
streets  and  fields.  When  the  warm  weather 
comes  the  snow  becomes  soft  and  then  we 
have  slush.  Snow  keeps  the  plants  warm.  It 
is  like  a  white  blanket.  The  cold  north  wind 
cannot  freeze  the  little  plants. 

(To  the  Teacher:  Teach  pupils  to  find  and  to  read  weather  notices 
in  the  newspapers.) 


LESSON  LXXXII 
CONVERSATION  ON  THE  WEATHER 

"How  do  you  feel?" 

"I  am  very  well,  thank  you.  How  are  the 
children?" 

"They  are  all  right,  thanks.  Isn't  the 
weather  fine?" 

"Yes,  the  sun  feels  fine  after  all  the  rain 
we've  been  having." 

"Don't  you  like  the  rain?" 

"I  don't  mind  the  rain,  but  I  don't  like  the 
wind.  I'm  afraid  we're  going  to  have  a  storm." 

"No,  I  think  not.  It's  too  early  in  the 
season  for  a  storm." 

"Don't  you  remember  at  this  time  last  year 
we  had  a  snow-storm?" 

"Well,  I  hope  we  shan't  have  any  storm 
now.  It  would  spoil  my  business." 

"We  can't  complain  of  the  weather  in  this 
part  of  the  country." 


CONVERSATION   ON  THE   WEATHER  153 

"  No,  the  weather  is  mild  most  of  the  year." 

"Yes,  we  never  have  great  changes." 

"The  Summers  are  hot,  but  they  don't  last 
long." 

"But  aren't  the  Winters  cold?" 

"True,  our  Winters  are  cold,  but  the  frost 
does  not  stay  long." 

"  I  know  some  people  who  go  south  in 
Winter  and  north  in  Summer." 

"Where  do  they  go?" 

"They  go  to  Florida  and  other  southern 
resorts  during  the  cold  weather.  There  they 
can  bathe  in  the  ocean  in  December  and 
January.  When  it  gets  hot  they  go  north  to 
the  mountains." 

EXERCISES 

What  season  do  you  like  best? 
How  can  you  tell  what  the  weather  will  be? 
How  does  the  farmer  tell? 
Tell  the  class  about  the  worst  storm  you  saw. 
Talk  to  the  class  about  the  weather  in  the  country  from 
which  you  came. 


LESSON  LXXXIII 
CONVERSATION  ON  TRADE-SCHOOLS 

Mr.  Brown:    How  are  you,  Mr.  Young? 

Mr.  Young:  I  am  very  well,  thank  you. 
How  is  Mrs.  Brown? 

Mr.  Brown:  Mrs.  Brown  is  not  feeling  very 
well.  She  has  a  toothache.  How  is  business? 

Mr.  Young:  Business  is  poor  just  now.  We 
have  had  a  dull  season  and  I  have  been  laid 
off. 

Mr.  Brown  :  I  am  sorry  to  hear  that.  You 
ought  to  learn  a  trade. 

Mr.  Young:  I  wish  I  could.  I  don't  speak 
English  well  enough. 

Mr.  Brown:  Well,  you  can  remedy  that;  go 
to  night  school.  It's  free. 

Mr.  Young:  I  am  going  to  night  school  and 
I  am  learning  English,  but  they  don't  teach  me 

a  trade. 

154 


CONVERSATION  ON  TRADE-SCHOOLS          155 

Mr.  Brown:  No;  that's  true;  but  after  you 
speak  English  well  enough  you  can  find  out 
where  you  can  learn  a  trade. 

Mr.  Young:  Are  there  free  trade-schools  in 
this  country  ? 

Mr.  Brown:  Oh,  yes!  Find  out  about  them 
in  the  evening  school. 

Mr.  Young:  Has  the  teacher  a  list  of  trade- 
schools  ? 

Mr.  Brown:  I  don't  know  whether  they  have 
such  a  list,  but  the  teacher  can  easily  find 
out  where  you  can  learn  a  trade,  if  you  are 
interested. 

Mr.  Young:  Thank  you  very  much.  Give 
my  regards  to  Mrs.  Brown. 

Mr.  Brown:  Thank  you,  I  shall.  I  wish 
you  would  come  to  see  us.  We  shall  be  very 
glad  to  see  you  and  learn  how  you  are  getting 
along. 

Mr.  Young:  I'll  let  you  know  just  as  soon 
as  I've  found  a  school.  Good  night. 


LESSON   LXXXIV 
HE,   SHE,  IT,  THEY 

Read    the    sentences    below   and   fill   in   the 
blank  spaces  as  follows: 

He  for  a  man  or  a  boy. 

She  for  a  woman  or  a  girl. 

//  for  a  thing. 

They  for  two  or  more~  persons  or  things. 

John    is    a    butcher.     works  very 

hard. 
Mary  works  in  a  laundry. earns 

ten  dollars  a  week. 
The  cook  baked  a  pie.     tasted  very 

good. 

The  window  is  shut.     Please  open  

Take  this  boy  home is  lost. 

Where  are  my  tools  ?     are  in  the 

shop. 
Have  you  seen  my  son?     Yes; just 

went  to  school. 

156 


HIS,  HER,  THEIR  157 

The   boss  wants  two  men must 

be  experienced  men. 
Where  did  you  put  my  shovel  ?    I  put 

in  the  cellar. 

Is  the  table  set?     Yes, is  set. 

This   knife  is   sharp is   made  of 

steel. 
The  waitress  serves  my  lunch is 

very  neat. 

LESSON    LXXXV 
HIS,   HER,   THEIR 

In  the  sentences  below,  say  HIS  when 
speaking  of  one  male  (a  man  or  a  boy);  say 
HER  when  speaking  of  one  female  (a  woman 
or  a  girl);  say  THEIR  when  speaking  of  two 
or  more  persons. 

The  man  is  eating  dinner. 

The  wife  is  sewing   dress. 

They  live  in own  house. 

The  girl  is  playing  with   doll. 


158  ENGLISH  FOR   COMING  CITIZENS 

The  boy  is  studying  lessons. 

Every  man  must  know   ; business. 

Each  maid  has   room. 

Let  every  man  do   duty. 

Has  any  one  lost   rubbers? 

All  Americans  honor   flag. 

Everybody  wants  to  do  things  in   

own  way. 
Taking  tools,  the  carpenter  walked 

away. 
The    children    saw  father    for    the 

first  time  in  two  years. 
When   work    is    done,  the    mother 

sits  down  to  rest. 
The  women  in  this  country  deserve  

freedom. 
Taking   child  in  arms, 

John  cried  for  joy. 
Jones  &  Smith  employed  the  girl  in   

store. 

Before    the    soldiers    stood    com- 
mander. 


LESSON    LXXXVI 
VEGETABLES 

Americans  like  many  vegetables  with  their 
meals.  There  are  some  people  who  eat  nothing 
but  vegetables.  Vegetables  are  very  healthful 
food.  At  every  meal,  Americans  eat  some 
vegetable,  and  sometimes  they  eat  three  or  four 
vegetables.  We  eat  potatoes  boiled,  mashed,  or 
fried.  Tomatoes  are  sliced  and  eaten  raw  with 


159 


i6o  ENGLISH  FOR   COMING  CITIZENS 

salt  and  pepper.  Tomatoes,  potatoes,  celery,  and 
carrots  are  used  to  give  soup  a  flavor.  Beans, 
peas,  and  carrots  are  eaten  as  side  dishes.  In 
the  summer-time,  fresh  green  lettuce  is  eaten  as 
a  salad,  with  vinegar,  oil,  and  pepper.  Garlic 
and  onions  are  sometimes  used  to  give  flavor 
to  meat  and  soup,  but  Americans  rarely  eat 
raw  onions.  The  smell  of  onions  and  garlic  is 
so  strong  that  we  can  telj  when  a  person  has 
eaten  them.  When  you  smell  onions  or  garlic 
on  a  person's  breath,  you  will  usually  find  that 
this  person  has  not  been  very  long  in  America. 
American  cooking  is  very  plain.  We  do  not 
like  greasy  or  fatty  foods  nor  do  we  like  very 
strong  seasoning. 

EXERCISES 

What  vegetables  do  you  like? 
How  do  you  prepare  your  vegetables? 
Why  are  vegetables  good  for  you? 
At  what  meals  do  you  eat  vegetables? 


LESSON   LXXXVII 
THEATRE  EXITS 

Every  theatre  has  a  ticket-office  where  you 
buy  your  ticket.  Before  you  enter,  the  man  at 
the  door  takes  your  ticket  and  drops  it  into  a 
box,  or  he  tears  the  ticket  in  half  and  gives 
you  one  part  and  he  keeps  the  other  part.  As 
soon  as  you  enter,  the  usher  shows  you  to 
your  seat.  In  front  of  you  is  the  stage.  The 
orchestra  usually  sits  in  front  of  the  stage. 
All  around  the  room  you  will  see  little  signs 
in  red  or  white  marked  EXIT,  The  sign 
means  that  you  may  go  out  by  that  door. 
When  you  enter  a  theatre,  pick  out  the  nearest 
exit.  Go  out  by  the  nearest  exit  if  there  is 
any  danger  of  fire  or  panic. 

Never  run,  shout,  or  push  in  any  public 
place  like  a  theatre,  church,  or  school.  Acci- 
dents happen  because  people  become  frightened 


161 


162  ENGLISH  FOR   COMING  CITIZENS 

when  they  hear  some  one  call  "FIRE!"  They 
then  push,  run,  and  trample  the  people  who  fall 
down.  Many  have  lost  their  lives  in  such 
panics.  Keep  cool  and  keep  out  of  crowds. 
There  is  very  little  danger  if  you  do  not  get 
excited  and  lose  your  head.  Most  schools  and 
theatres  can  be  emptied  in  less  than  three 
minutes  if  you  walk  out  in  an  orderly  way. 
There  is  great  danger,  however,  when  there  is 
crowding  at  the  exits. 

EXERCISES 

What  does  the  sign  EXIT  mean? 
What  does  the  sign  ENTRANCE  mean? 
What  other  signs  do  you  see  in  a  theatre? 
What  other  signs  do  you  see  in  a  shop? 
What  do  you  see  when  you  enter  a  theatre? 
How  do  accidents  occur  in  public  places? 
How  can  they  be  prevented? 
Tell  how  you  buy  a  ticket  for  the  theatre. 
Read  the  first  paragraph,  changing  every  sentence  to  the 
past  tense. 


LESSON    LXXXVIII 
PRESENT    PERFECT 

I  have  slept,  eaten,  washed,  worked. 
You  have  slept,  eaten,  washed,  worked. 
He  has  slept,  eaten,  washed,  worked. 
She  has  slept,  eaten,  washed,  worked. 
It  has  slept,  eaten. 

We  have  slept,  eaten,  washed,  worked. 
You  have  slept,  eaten,  washed,  worked. 
They  have  slept,  eaten,  washed,  worked. 

The  form  just  used  is  the  present  perfect  tense. 
Tense  means  time.  It  is  called  present  be- 
cause the  time  is  always  present — to-day — this 
week — this  year — this  month — or  any  time  that 
is  still  going  on.  It  is  called  perfect  because 
the  action  is  perfected  or  finished.  Therefore 
we  use  the  present  perfect  tense  when  we  wish 
to  express  an  action  which  is  completed  but 
the  time  in  which  the  action  is  completed  is 

not  yet  past. 

163 


i64  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

I  have  worked  hard  this  week. 

I  worked  hard  last  week. 

It  has  rained  all  day. 

It  rained  yesterday. 

This  month  we  have  made  no  progress. 

Last  month  we  made  much  progress. 

During  the  present  year  there  have  been  many 

changes.      Last    year    there    were     many 

changes. 

In  the  first  sentence  we  say  "I  have  worked 
hard  this  week"  because  the  week  is  not  yet 
over.  We  say  "I  worked  hard  last  week"  be- 
cause last  week  is  all  past. 

EXERCISES 

(Insert  the  proper  form.) 

Many  years  ago  I  in  Europe  (live). 

Last  night  we a  new  book  (read). 

I  that  story  before  (hear). 

The  children  you  do  it  (see). 

All  my  life  I him  (know). 

When   he   became   sick    they    him   home 

(take). 


LESSON   LXXXIX 
THE  SEASONS 

The  four  seasons  of  the  year  are  SPRING, 
SUMMER,  AUTUMN  (or  FALL),  and  WIN- 
TER. Summer  is  the  hot  season  in  this 
country  and  comes  during  the  months  of  June, 
July,  and  August.  The  leaves  and  grass  are 
green  and  the  trees  are  in  full  bloom  in 
summer-time.  This  is  the  busy  time  for  the 
farmer.  From  early  morning  until  late  at  night 
the  farmer  takes  care  of  his  garden,  his  crops, 
and  his  cattle.  Many  farmers  keep  boarders 
during  the  Summer.  People  in  the  cities  like 
to  go  away  from  the  hot  streets.  They  go  to 
the  cool  places  in  the  mountains,  to  the  farms, 
or  to  the  ocean  breezes  at  the  seashore.  Even 
the  very  poor  people  go  to  a  park  or  to  a 
resort  on  Sundays  or  holidays.  Central  Park, 
in  New  York  City,  is  crowded  during  the 


165 


166  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING   CITIZENS 

Summer  on  every  Saturday  and  Sunday. 
Thousands  of  people  bathe  in  the  ocean  at 
Coney  Island  or  at  the  other  seaside  resorts 
near  New  York  City. 

After  Summer  comes  Autumn  (or  Fall)  dur- 
ing the  months  of  September,  October,  and 
November.  The  beginning  of  Autumn  is  usually 
very  pleasant.  Some  people  prefer  (like  better) 
Autumn  to  any  other  season.  Now  the  leaves 
begin  to  fall  and  cover  the  grass  with  a  brown 
carpet.  Now  the  Summer  boarders  come  back 
to  the  city.  The  children  return  to  school  and 
business  goes  on  as  usual. 

December  is  the  first  Winter  month.  De- 
cember, January,  and  February  are  the  Winter 
months,  but  cold  weather  sometimes  comes  ear- 
lier, in  November  or  in  October.  In  the  north- 
ern part  of  the  country  the  ground  is  fre- 
quently covered  with  snow  by  Thanksgiving 
Day.  Even  if  the  weather  is  mild  it  is  good  to 
have  warm  Winter  clothing.  IK  snow  or  rain 
it  is  wise  to  wear  rubbers  or  rubber  boots. 


THE  SEASONS  167 

Many  people  catch  colds  by  going  out  in  rainy 
or  in  slushy  weather  without  protection  for  the 
feet.  These  colds  are  dangerous  because  they 
lead  to  more  dangerous  sicknesses  like  grippe, 
pneumonia,  and  consumption. 

The  weather  changes  very  quickly  and  some- 
times without  warning.  It  is  best  to  be  pre- 
pared during  the  Winter  by  wearing  Winter 
clothing  until  the  Winter  is  over. 

EXERCISES 

What  are  the  four  seasons? 

In  what  season  is  January?    September?    July?    March? 

When  is  the  farmer's  busy  time? 

Where  do  city  people  go  in  the  Summer  ? 

Which  season  do  you  prefer? 

Why  do  you  like  Autumn? 

When  does  the  grass  begin  to  grow? 

In  what  season  do  we  have  snow? 

What  kind  of  clothing  must  we  wear  in  Winter? 

Why  should  we  wear  rubbers  in  rainy  weather? 

What  season  have  we  now? 

What  is  the  cold  season  of  the  year? 

What  does  the  farmer  do  during  each  season? 


LESSON   XC 
SAFETY  FIRST 

Every  year  thousands  of  people  are  hurt  or 
killed  because  they  are  not  careful.  Foolish 
people  take  risks,  unnecessarily.  Wise  people 
believe  in  safety  first. 

In  large  cities  there  is  a  policeman  stationed 
at  busy  street  corners.  He  holds  up  his  hand, 
and  all  the  traffic  stops  to  let  the  people  cross 


168 


SAFETY   FIRST  169 

the  street  Then  he  blows  a  whistle  and  the 
traffic  goes  on.  Sometimes  the  policeman  has 
a  sign  showing  which  way  traffic  may  go  on. 
Many  people  are  hurt  and  killed  in  panics 
because  they  do  not  obey  simple  rules.  In 
every  theatre  in  large  cities  you  will  find  some 
such  notice  as  this  printed  in  your  programme: 

FIRE    NOTICE 

Look  around  NOW  and  choose  the  nearest  exit  to  your 
seat.  In  case  of  fire,  walk  (not  run)  to  THAT  exit. 
Do  not  try  to  beat  your  neighbor  to  the  street. 

ROBERT  JONES, 

Fire  Commissioner. 

• 

It  is  dangerous  to  cross  the  street  where 
automobiles,  wagons,  and  horses  are  going. 

At  every  crossing,  railroads  place  a  sign 
which  reads:  DANGER  CROSSING  or 
STOP— LOOK— LISTEN. 

Children  especially  like  to  take  risks.  They 
jump  on  cars,  hold  on  to  swiftly  moving  wag- 
ons while  skating,  stand  on  the  steps  of  ice- 


170  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

wagons,  and  run  in  front  of  automobiles  and 
wagons.  They  do  these  things  because  chil- 
dren must  play  and  must  be  active.  A  good, 
strong,  healthy  child  can  no  more  keep  still 
than  a  kitten.  It  is  natural  that  a  child  should 
play.  In  order  that  a  child  may  not  be  hurt 
while  playing  we  must  provide  suitable  play 
places  where  the  growing  child  will  not  be 
tempted  to  take  great  risks.  Playgrounds  and 
recreation  centres  are  fine  places  for  children 
because  they  can  play  without  danger.  Every 
city  and  every  town  must  provide  play  space 
for  its  children.  Find  out  who  has  charge  of  the 
playgrounds  in  your  town  and  what  is  being 
done  to  make  the  streets  safe. 

EXERCISES 

What  safety  devices  are  there  in  your  factory? 
Could  anything  be  done  to  make  the  work  safer? 
Where  do  the  children  in  your  town  play?     Is  it  safe? 
What  ought  to  be   done   to  make  playing   safe?     Who 

could  do  this  for  the  children? 
How  could  you  start  a  movement  for  safe  playgrounds? 


LESSON    XCI 
AN  INVITATION  TO  THE  THEATRE 

(The  teacher  should  take  part  in  the  dramatization  to  give  con- 
fidence to  the  pupils.  After  the  most  advanced  pupils  have  had 
an  opportunity  to  act  out  the  parts  the  slower  pupils  may  be 
called  upon  for  dramatization.) 

ON    THE    STREET 

"Good   evening,  John." 

"  How  do  you  do,  Mr.  Curry.  I'm  glad  to 
see  you."  (They  shake  hands.) 

"Have  you  anything  to  do  this  evening?" 

"Not  particularly.  I  was  just  going  for  a 
walk." 

"  I  want  you  to  be  my  guest  at  the  theatre 
this  evening." 

"That's  very  kind  of  you,  Mr.  Curry.  I'll 
be  glad  to  go  with  you." 

"What  do  you  want  to  see?" 

"  I  don't  know.  I  haven't  seen  a  play  for  a 
long  time." 

"Do  you  like  comedy  or  tragedy?  Or  per- 
haps you'd  like  to  see  something  musical?" 


171 


172  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

"Let's  see  the  advertisements  in  the  news- 
paper." (They  examine  the  advertisements  in 
the  newspaper.) 

"  Here  is  a  play  that  everybody  likes." 
"Very  well.    I'd  like  to  see  it."    (They  walk 
to  the  theatre.) 

AT    THE    BOX-OFFICE 

"Give  me  two  orchestra  seats,  please." 

"Orchestra  seats  are  all  sold.  I  have  some 
good  balcony  seats  left." 

"Where  are  they?" 

"Second  row,  centre." 

"  I'll  take  them."  (Takes  tickets  and  pays 
for  them.) 

AT    THE    TICKET-TAKER'S    BOX 

"Tickets,  please!" 
"Here  they  are." 

(Tears  off  the  stubs  and  hands  them  back  to 
Mr.  Curry.)    "Take  the  staircase  to  the  right." 
"Thank  you." 


AN   INVITATION   TO    THE   THEATRE          173 
INSIDE    THE    THEATRE 

"Your  tickets,  please!"  (Looks  at  the  stubs 
and  walks  toward  seats,  followed  by  Mr.  Curry 
and  by  John.) 

"May  I  have  a  programme?" 

"Certainly.    Here  are  programmes." 

"Thank  you."    (They  sit  down.) 

AFTER  THE  PERFORMANCE 

"Well,  what  did  you  think  of  the  play?" 

"It  was  splendid.    Did  you  like  the  star?" 

"No.  I  have  seen  her  in  plays  that  I  liked 
better.  What  do  you  think  of  her?" 

"I  have  never  seen  her  before  and  so  can't 
compare  her  acting  in  other  plays  with  her 
performance  to-night." 

"  Her  company  is  very  good,  especially  her 
leading  man." 

"I  want  to  thank  you  for  a  pleasant  eve- 
ning." 

"Not  at  all.  It  was  a  pleasure  to  have  you 
with  me." 


LESSON    XCII 
CHANGING  POSITION 

Mr.  Nelson  is  a  stonecutter.  He  has  no 
work.  He  cannot  find  a  position  in  this  town. 
He  sees  this  advertisement  in  a  newspaper: 


WANTED. — Experienced  Stonecutter.  Steady 
work.  $4.00  a  day.  Duff  &  Thomas, 
406  Granger  Street,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 


Mr.  Nelson  investigates  this  offer.  This 
means  that  he  finds  out  something  about  Duff 
&  Thomas  before  he  takes  the  train  for  Cleve- 
land. He  goes  to  see  his  old  foreman.  The 
foreman  gives  Mr.  Nelson  some  good  advice. 
He  says:  "Duff  &  Thomas  is  a  good  concern, 
but  how  do  you  know  that  they  will  keep 
you?  The  best  thing  to  do  is  to  write  them  a 
letter.  Tell  them  about  your  work  and  ask 
them  if  the  work  is  steady."  Mr.  Nelson 
takes  the  advice.  He  writes  the  following 
letter: 

174 


6w>o-x. 


( — c^e^i^-e^e^-ct^^i^- -c^f  \^s—~fL*—o. 


I7C 


176  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

To  this  letter    Mr.   Nelson    received  the  fol- 
lowing reply: 

DUFF   &   THOMAS 

STONECUTTERS 

406  Granger  Street 

Cleveland,  Ohio,  Jan.  5,  1915. 

Mr.  Robert  Nelson, 
485  East  3rd  St., 
New  York  City. 

Dear  Sir: 

Please  come  to  work  at  once.    We  have  steady  employ- 
ment for  you,  ii  your  work  is  satisfactory. 
Kindly  bring  your  references. 

Yours  truly, 

Duff  &  Thomas. 


LESSON   XCIII 

CHANGING  POSITION 

(CONTINUED) 

Mr.  Nelson  talks  the  matter  over  with  his 
wife  and  he  decides  (makes  up  his  mind)  to 
go  to  Cleveland.  He  does  not  know  whether 
he  should  take  his  wife  along  or  not.  This  is 
a  very  serious  question.  Finally  (at  last)  they 
decide  that  Mrs.  Nelson  will  stay  in  New  York 
until  Mr.  Nelson  can  find  a  home  for  his  family 
in  Cleveland. 

Now  everybody  is  busy  in  the  house.  Mr. 
Nelson  packs  his  trunk.  Mrs.  Nelson  mends 
the  socks,  irons  the  shirts  and  the  handker 
chiefs.  The  children  run  about  the  house 
bringing  what  Mr.  Nelson  wants.  Then  the 
expressman  calls  for  the  trunk.  He  gives  Mr. 
Nelson  a  check  and  takes  the  trunk  to  the 

railroad  station.     At  last  the  time  for  parting 

177 


178  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING   CITIZENS 

comes.  Nobody  is  very  happy.  Even  the  baby 
cries,  although  she  does  not  understand  what 
it  is  all  about.  Carrying  a  grip  (bag,  satchel), 
Mr.  Nelson  walks  quickly  to  the  railroad  station. 
He  goes  to  the  window  marked: 

TICKETS 

He  buys  a  ticket,  then  goes  to  the  baggage 
office.  Here  he  shows  his  railroad  ticket  and 
the  baggage  check  which  the  expressman  gave 
him.  The  baggage-master  punches  his  railroad 
ticket  and  gives  Mr.  Nelson  another  baggage 
check.  In  a  few  minutes  he  hears  a  man  call 
out :  "  Two-o'clock  train  for  the  West.  Track 
number  15.  Albany,  Utica,  Syracuse,  Buffalo, 
Cleveland."  Mr.  Nelson  goes  aboard  the  train 
and  finds  a  comfortable  seat.  The  seat  is  not 
comfortable  very  long.  After  riding  several 
hours  in  the  day  coach  our  friend  becomes 
very  tired.  He  cannot  sleep.  The  seat  in  front 
is  too  close,  so  that  he  cannot  even  stretch  his 
legs.  The  conductor  passes  through,  and  a  man 


CHANGING   POSITION  179 

near  by  asks  if  the  train  carries  any  sleepers. 
Mr.  Nelson  wants  to  know  what  a  sleeper  is. 
The  conductor  says :  "  Come  along  with  me  and 
I'll  show  you."  They  go  into  the  next  car  and  see 
a  colored  porter  making  beds  out  of  the  seats. 
One  bed  is  let  down  from  the  side  of  the  car 
and  one  bed  is  made  from  the  seat.  These 
are  called  berths.  When  they  are  made  up 
they  look  like  the  berths  on  the  steamer  on 
which  you  crossed  the  ocean.  The  upper  berth 
is  cheaper  than  the  lower  berth,  but  either  is 
too  expensive  for  our  traveller.  He  makes  up 
his  mind  to  try  to  sleep  in  the  day  coach.  He 
shuts  his  eyes  and  tries  to  fall  asleep,  but  the 
jolting  of  the  car  keeps  him  awake.  At  last 
he  dozes,  only  to  be  awakened  when  the  train 
stops  at  a  station. 

After  a  very  long  journey,  Mr.  Nelson  hears 
the  conductor  call  out :  "  Cleveland — Cleveland 
— this  station  is  Cleveland."  He  gets  out, 
takes  his  grip  in  his  hand,  and  asks  his  way 
to  Duff  &  Thomas's  place  of  business. 


LESSON    XCIV 
HOW  MR.  NELSON  FURNISHED  HIS  FLAT 

When  Mr.  Nelson  had  been  in  Cleveland 
two  years  he  had  saved  enough  money  to 
send  for  his  wife.  When  Mrs.  Nelson  came 
they  lived  in  a  boarding-house  for  three  weeks. 
Mrs.  Nelson  wanted  her  own  home.  They 
looked  for  a  flat. 

Mr.  Nelson  rented  a  four-room  flat  on 
Darcy  Street.  It  was  on  the  second  floor  in 
front.  The  flat  had  a  kitchen,  dining-room, 
parlor,  bedroom,  and  a  bath.  The  landlord 
furnished  heat  for  the  water,  but  the  tenant 
must  heat  the  flat  himself.  In  the  kitchen 
there  was  a  coal-stove  for  cooking,  baking, 
and  heating,  in  the  Winter-time,  arid  also  a 
gas-stove  for  use  in  the  Summer-time.  The 
landlord  gave  every  tenant  a  big  ice-box  to 
use.  The  closet  for  dishes  was  not  very  large, 
but  it  was  large  enough  for  a  small  family. 
Mr.  Nelson  bought  some  pretty  oilcloth  for  the 

1*0 


HOW   MR.  NELSON   FURNISHED    HIS    FLAT      181 

floor  of  the  kitchen.  Besides  the  kitchen  table, 
Mrs.  Nelson  wanted  a  set  of  dishes,  some  pots 
and  pans  and  cutlery  (knives,  forks,  and  spoons). 
Mr.  Nelson  wanted  to  buy  some  furniture. 
He  bought  a  newspaper  and  in  it  he  saw  this 
advertisement : 


CLEARANCE   SALE 

ARTISTIC  FURNITURE 

SEE  SOME  OF  OUR  BARGAINS 

Dining-Room  Suite,  nine  pieces $100.00 

Extension  Table  One  Armchair 

Five  Chairs  Sideboard 

China-Closet 

Bedroom  Suite,  three  pieces 60.00 

Bed,  Dresser,  and  Chiffonier 

Living-Room   Suite,  three  pieces 80.00 

Sofa,  Chair,  and  Rocker,  Upholstered  in  Leather 

These  are  examples  of  the  bargains  in  this  sale. 
The  beauty  and  workmanship  of  this  furniture  can 
be  appreciated  only  when  you  see  it.  The  chairs 
have  real  leather  seats. 

JOHNSON  FURNITURE   COMPANY 
420  Broadway. 


i82  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

Mr.   and   Mrs.  Nelson  went  to  the  furniture 
store  and  picked  out  these  things : 

For  the  Living-Room,  or  Parlor. 

A  Rug  A  Rocker 

A  Table  A  Pair  of  Curtains 

A  Sofa  Three  Pictures 

Three  Chairs 

For  the  Dining-Room. 

An  Extension  Table  -'.      A  Sideboard 
Five  Side  Chairs  A  China-Closet 

One  Armchair  A  Rug 

For  the  Bedroom. 

A  Bed  Two  Pillows 

A  Mattress  A  Dresser 

A  Spring  A  Chiffonier 

A  Rug 

EXERCISES 

What  furniture  have  you  in  your  bedroom  ? 
Did  Mr.  Nelson  buy  any  furniture  which  you  have  not  in 

your  home  ? 

What  furniture  would  you  like  for  your  kitchen  ? 
What    furniture    does    your    landlord    provide    in    your 

home? 


LESSON  XCV 

HOW  MR.  NELSON  FURNISHED  HIS  FLAT 

(CONTINUED) 

Mrs.  Nelson  did  not  want  to  spend  any 
more  money.  She  said  that  she  would  make 
curtains  for  the  bedroom  and  the  dining-room 
later.  The  proprietor  of  the  store  was  anxious 
to  sell  them  more  furniture  and  was  willing 
to  trust  them.  Mr.  Nelson  did  not  wish  to 
buy  goods  on  the  instalment  plan.  He  said 
he  would  pay  cash  for  everything  and  that  he 
would  wait  for  those  things  which  he  could 
aot  afford  to  buy  now. 

When  the  furniture  was  placed  in  their  new 
home,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Nelson  were  very  well 
satisfied  with  what  they  had  bought.  They 
had  a  very  cheerful  home. 

When  Mr.  Nelson  bought  the  furniture 
the  salesman  said:  "  If  there  is  anything  the 

183 


184  ENGLISH  FOR   COMING  CITIZENS 

matter  with    the   furniture  when   it  arrives,  let 
us  know  and  we  shall  be  glad  to  repair  it." 

Soon  after  the  furniture  was  placed  in  the 
new  flat  they  noticed  a  scratch  on  the  dining- 
room  table  and  that  the  glass  in  the  china- 
closet  was  broken.  Mr.  Nelson  was  working 
and  had  no  time  to  go  to  the  furniture  store. 
Mrs.  Nelson  could  not  speak  English.  But 
Mr.  Nelson  had  learned  English  in  the  night- 
schools.  He  wrote  this  letter: 

68  Darcy  St., 
Cleveland,  Ohio:, 
Jan.  10,  1917. 
The  Johnson  Furniture  Co., 

420  Broadway. 
Gentlemen: 

Last  week  you  sold  me  some  furniture,  and  you  promised 
to  repair  anything  which  was  not  right. 

My  dining-room  table  is  badly  scratched  and  the  glass 
in  the  china-closet  is  broken. 

Kindly  send  some  one  to  polish  the  table  and  to  repair 
the  china-closet,  and  oblige, 

Yours  very  truly, 

ROBERT  NELSON. 


HOW    MR.  NELSON    FURNISHED    HIS    FLAT     185 

The  next  day  a  man  came  and  repaired 
everything.  Mrs.  Nelson  was  very  glad  that 
she  had  bought  her  furniture  from  an  honest 
firm. 

When  the  neighbors  visited  her,  Mrs.  Nelson 
was  very  proud  to  hear  them  say:  "What  a 
beautiful  home  you  have!" 

EXERCISES 

Write  a  letter  complaining  that  goods  which  you  bought 
came  damaged. 

Why  did  Mr.  Nelson  write  a  letter? 

What  did  the  salesman  promise  Mr.  Nelson? 

Did  he  keep  his  promise? 

How  did  Mrs.  Nelson  feel  when  the  furniture  was  re- 
paired ? 

Read  the  story  in  the  present  tense. 

How  many  rooms  are  there  in  your  house? 

What  do  you  call  each  room? 

Name  the  furniture  in  your  bedroom,  dining-room,  living- 
room,  kitchen. 

Where  do  you  put  curtains,  pictures,  rugs? 

For  what  room  did  Mr.  Nelson  buy  chairs,  a  china-closet, 
a  dresser,  a  sofa? 


LESSON  XCVI 
OUR  SCHOOL  DANCE 

Before  every  holiday  our  school  gives  a 
party  or  dance  to  the  scholars  and  their 
friends. 

Last  year  we  had  a  dance  the  evening  be 
fore  Christmas  and  another  one  the  evening 
before  Easter.  All  the  men  came  with  their 
wives,  their  sisters,  or  their  sweethearts.  The 
women,  too,  brought  their  husbands  and  their 
brothers.  A  committee  of  teachers  and  pupils 
took  charge  of  all  arrangements.  They  hired 
a  band  of  four  pieces — a  piano,  a  violin,  a 
cornet,  and  a  drum.  The  large  room  was 
beautifully  decorated  with  American  flags.  In 
one  corner  was  a  table.  It  held  a  large  bowl 
of  lemonade  and  glasses.  A  young  lady  served 
lemonade  to  every  one. 

At  8  o'clock  the   room    was    full.    The    men 

1 86 


OUR   SCHOOL   DANCE  187 

and  women,  dressed  in  their  Sunday  clothes, 
looked  fine.  Soon  the  band  played  a  waltz 
and  every  one  who  could  dance  took  a  partner 
for  the  dance.  I  do  not  know  how  to  dance 
American  dances,  so  I  watched.  I  saw  some 
young  men  who  were  very  bashful.  They 
wanted  to  dance  but  did  not  know  how  to 
ask  the  young  ladies  to  dance.  One  of  the 
teachers  then  introduced  a  young  man  near 
me  to  a  girl.  I  heard  the  teacher  say: 

"  Miss  Brown,  let  me  introduce  to  you  Mr. 
Thomas." 

Miss  Brown :    "  I  am  pleased  to  meet  you." 

Mr.  Thomas :  "  I  am  very  glad  to  know  you. 
May  I  have  the  pleasure  of  dancing  with 
you?" 

Miss  Brown :  "  Certainly."  And  they  waltzed 
around  the  room  until  the  music  stopped. 

Mr.  Thomas  then  brought  the  lady  back  to 
her  seat,  bowed,  and  said :  "  I  enjoyed  that 
dance  very  much."  She  smiled  sweetly  and 
said:  "Thank  vou." 


i88  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

EXERCISES 

Introduce  one  of  the  pupils  in  your  class  to  the  teacher. 
Ask  a  lady  in  the  room  to  dance  with  you. 
Compliment  the  lady  on  her  dancing. 
Do  you  dance? 
Does  the  school  give  dances? 

When   is   Christmas?   New   Year's?   Thanksgiving  Day? 
Easter  ? 

LESSON  XCVII 
THE  POLICEMAN 

The  United  States  is  a  republic.  In  a 
republic  the  people  rule.  In  a  monarchy  a 
king  or  a  prince  rules.  In  a  republic  all 
officers  are  the  servants  of  the  people.  They 
must  obey  and  carry  out  the  laws  which  the 
people,  through  their  representatives,  make. 
We,  the  people,  pay  the  policeman  to  see  that 
our  laws  are  obeyed.  The  laws  are  made  for 
your  protection  and  for  mine.  The  policeman 
is  your  friend  and  not  your  enemy.  If  you 
are  lost  or  if  you  do  not  know  how  to  find 


THE    POLICEMAN  189 

your  way,  ask  a  policeman.  He  will  tell  you. 
The  policeman  protects  you  from  others  who 
wish  to  do  you  harm.  He  sees  that  the 
streets  and  the  roads  are  safe  for  you  to  cross. 
Here  are  some  simple  rules  for  you  to  follow; 
these  rules  are  made  for  the  benefit  of  all 
decent  citizens,  and  it  is  the  duty  of  the  police- 
man to  arrest  people  who  do  not  obey  these 
rules : 

Do  not  spit  on  the  floor  of  a  train  or  on  the  floor  of 
any  public  building  or  on  the  sidewalk.  This  law 
protects  you  against  dirt  and  sickness. 

Do  not  throw  banana-peels,  papers,  dirt,  or  garbage  on 
the  street. 

Do  not  obstruct  the  sidewalk.  This  means  that  you  must 
not  put  furniture,  boxes,  push-carts  on  the  sidewalk, 
because  other  people  will  not  be  able  to  pass. 

Do  not  put  anything  on  the  fire-escapes.  Some  people 
obstruct  the  fire-escape  by  putting  flower-pots,  bed- 
ding, and  other  articles  there.  The  fire-escapes  must 
be  free  so  that  you  can  use  them  in  case  of  danger. 
Most  fire-escapes  have  on  them  a  little  sign  which 
reads  as  follows: 


190  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 


NOTICE 

Any  one    placing    any  encumbrance    on    this 
balcony  will  be  fined  $10.00. 


Look  for  this  little  sign  on  your  fire-escape. 

Always  obey  a  policeman  when  he  says  "Move  on."  He 
must  see  that  crowds  do  not  gather  in  the  public 
streets.  Crowds  sometimes  make  riots  and  riots  cause 
damage  to  people  and  to  property.  If  you  want  to 
talk  things  over,  go  with  your  friends  to  a  room  or  to  a 
hall,  and  no  one  will  trouble  you. 

A  golden  rule  to  follow  is:  "Do  unto  others  as  you  would 
have  others  do  unto  you."  If  you  always  follow  this 
rule  the  policeman  will  be  your  friend,  you  will  be 
the  policeman's  friend,  and  you  will  be  a  welcome 
citizen  in  America. 

EXERCISES 
What  is  a  republic? 
What  is  a  monarchy? 
Who  rules  in  the  United  States? 
Who  makes  the  laws  in  a  republic? 
Name  some  of  the  duties  of  a  policeman. 
Whose  servant  is  the  policeman? 
Why  do  we  have  laws? 


LESSON  XCVIII 
THE  POST-OFFICE 

Every  town  in  this  country  has  a  post- 
office.  It  sends  your  letters  and  postal  cards 
to  all  parts  of  the  world.  The  cost  of  sending 
a  letter  is  very  little.  You  pay  three  cents  for 
sending  a  letter  to  any  part  of  the  United 
States,  its  colonies,  or  to  England,  and  you 
pay  five  cents  for  sending  a  letter  to  any  other 
part  of  the  world.  If  a  letter  is  heavy,  you 
must  have  it  weighed  at  the  post-office.  The 
clerk  will  tell  you  how  much  it  will  cost. 
You  must  buy  stamps  to  put  on  the  letter 
before  mailing  it.  After  you  drop  your  letter 
into  the  letter-box,  a  letter-carrier  will  take  it 
away  to  the  post-office,  and  from  there  it  is 
sent  to  the  person  addressed.  It  is  wise  to 
have  your  name  on  the  envelope  as  well  as 


IQI 


i92 


ENGLISH  FOR   COMING  CITIZENS 


the  name  of  the  person  to  whom  you  send 
your  letter.  Put  your  name  on  the  upper  left- 
hand  corner  like  this: 


If  you  wish  your  letter  to  arrive  very 
quickly,  you  must  put  a  special-delivery  stamp 
on  it.  This  will  cost  ten  cents  extra.  A 
special  messenger  will  then  deliver  the  letter 
to  the  person  to  whom  it  is  sent  before  the 
letter-carrier  would  deliver  it.  Sometimes  you 
want  to  be  sure  that  your  letter  was  received. 
You  must  then  take  it  to  the  post-office  and 
have  it  registered.  That  means  that  the  post- 
master will  make  out  a  receipt  which  the 
receiver  of  the  letter  must  sign.  The  letter- 
carrier  will  then  bring  you  this  signed  receipt. 


THE  POST-OFFICE  193 

Packages  and  parcels  may  be  sent  by  the 
parcel  post.  Before  sending  a  package,  take 
it  to  the  post-office,  have  it  weighed,  and  place 
the  right  amount  of  stamps  on  the  package. 
You  must  be  sure  that  your  name  is  on  the 
package.  If  it  is  valuable,  you  ought  to  insure 
it.  This  will  cost  only  a  few  cents  more. 
Then,  if  the  package  is  lost,  the  post-office 
will  pay  you  the  amount  for  which  you  in- 
sured it. 

You  can  save  money  by  depositing  it  in 
the  postal  savings-bank.  You  may  deposit  any 
sum  from  ten  cents  up  at  any  time  during 
office  hours,  from  8  o'clock  in  the  morning 
until  8  o'clock  at  night,  except  on  Sundays 
and  holidays,  when  the  post-office  is  not  open. 
Deposits  draw  interest  at  the  rate  of  two  per 
cent  a  year. 

It  is  not  safe  to  send  money  in  a  letter.  A 
better  way  is  to  send  money  by  postal  money- 
order.  The  post-office  charges  for  this  service 
according  to  the  amount  to  be  sent  and  the 


194 


ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 


distance  to  which  you  send  it.    Below  is  given 
a  sample  money-order  blank. 


No. 


Stimp  of  Issuing  Offlc* 


DOLLARS 

CCMT8 

(Form  No.  0001) 

Jfafii  (Offtrr  Department 

THIRD  ASSISTANT  POSTMASTER   GENERAL 
DIVISION  OF  MONEY  ORDERS 


The  Postmaster 
will  Insert 


here j,, ......................................... ........n  ,. 

the  office  drawn  on,  when  tbe  office  named  by 

the  remitter  In  tbe  body  of  tbls  application  Is  not  a  Money  order  Office. 

Spaces  abore  Ibis  I  Ine  are  for  the  Postmaster's  record,  to  be  filled  In  by  him. 

Application  for  Domestic  Money  Order 

Spaces  below  to  be  filled  In  by  purchaser,  or.  If  necessary, 
by  another  person  for  him 

Amount 


Dollars 


Cents 


Pay  to       ( 
Order  of  / 


of  pcraeu  or  flrm  for  wbum  order  It  In 


Whose 
Address 


bose  ) 
Idress  }• 
is  j 


Ho. „_ ,,,,.,,, __^~. Street 


Post     ) 
Office   / 


Stale. 


Sent  by 


iNuue  of  Sender) 


.Street 


PURCHASER  MUST  SEND  ORDER  AND  COUPON  TO  PAYEE 


THE  POST-OFFICE  195 

The   back   of   the    money-order   blank    reads 
as   follows : 

Fees  for  Money  Orders  drawn  on 
Domestic  Form 

Payable  in  the  United  States  (which  includes  Guam, 
Hawaii,  Porto  Rico  and  Tutuila,  Samoa) ;  or  payable  in 
Bermuda,  British  Guiana,  British  Honduras,  Canada, 
Canal  Zone  (Isthmus  of  Panama),  Cuba,  Newfoundland, 
at  the  United  States  Postal  Agency  at  Shanghai  (China), 
in  the  Philippine  Islands,  or  the  following  islands  in  the 
West  Indies:  Antigua,  Bahamas,  Barbados,  Dominica, 
Grenada,  Jamaica,  Martinique,  Montserrat,  Nevis,  St.  Kitts, 
St.  Lucia,  St.  Vincent,  Trinidad  and  Tobago,  and  Virgin 
Islands. 


For  Orders  From  5  0.01  to  8  2.50 
From«  2.51  to  8  5.00 
From  9  5.01  to  8  10.00 
From  510.01  to  8  20.00 
From  520.01  to  8  30.00 
From  830.01  to  8  40.00 
From  $40.01  to  8  50.00 
From  5-30.01  to  8  60.00 
From  560.01  to  8  75.00 
From  875.01  to  $100.00 


.  Scents. 
.  Scents. 
.  Scents. 
.16  cents. 
.12  cents. 
.15  cents. 
.18  cents. 
.20  cents. 
.25  cents. 
.30  cents. 


Memoranda  of  Issuing  Postmaster: 


Norm.— The  msitmum  amount  for  which  a  tingle  Money  Order  may  be  tuned  U  $100.  Wh«o 
A  larger  sum  li  to  be  sent  additional  Orders  mast  be  obtained.  Any  number  of  Order*  may  b» 
Iravn  oa  any  Mooey  Order  office  on  any  one  day. 

Application  a  mut  be  preserved  at  the  office  of  issue  for  three  yean  from  date  of  bioe. 
(EDITION  Feb..  1915.) 


i96  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

(To  the  Teacher:  Obtain  copies  of  postal  money-order  blanks  and 
distribute  them  to  each  pupil.  Teach  them  how  to  fill  them 
in  and  how  to  find  the  cost  of  sending  money  from  your  home 
town  to  their  native  places  and  various  other  places  in  which 
they  are  interested.) 

EXERCISES 

Where  is  the  nearest  post-office? 

Where  do  you  buy  stamps  for  your  letters? 

Address  an  envelope  to  a  relative  or  to  a  friend  in  your 

own  country. 

How  can  you  send  money  by  the  post-office? 
Read  the  front  and  back  of  the  money-order  blank  on 

pages  194-195- 

What  is  the  largest  amount  you  can  send  in  one  money- 
order  ? 
How  much  will  it  cost  to  send  forty-five  dollars  from  New 

York  City  to  Chicago? 
How  much  will  it  cost  to  send  fifteen  dollars  to  a  person 

in  your  own  town? 

How  can  you  make  a  letter  arrive  quickly? 
Why  do  some  people  register  their  letters? 
How  much  does  it  cost  to  send  a  package  by  parcel  post 

in  your  own  town? 
From    your    town    to    New    York,    Boston,    Providence, 

Chicago,  Pittsburg,  San  Francisco,  Detroit,  Buffalo? 


LESSON  XCIX 
CASH  OR  CREDIT 

Most  people  buy  the  things  that  they  need 
only  when  they  have  money.  We  say  such 
people  buy  for  cash.  Most  retail  stores  like  to 
sell  for  cash.  Sometimes  they  show  a  sign  in 
their  place  of  business  to  tell  their  customers 
that 


GOODS  ARE  SOLD  FOR  CASH  ONLY 


But  people  do  not  always  pay  cash  for  what 
they  buy.  We  say  they  buy  on  credit.  It  is 
always  cheaper  to  pay  cash  rather  than  to  buy 
on  credit.  You  always  pay  more  when  you  do 
not  pay  cash. 

Some  people  like  to  buy  and  pay  on  the 
instalment  plan.  That  means  they  pay  a  little 
every  week  or  every  month  until  the  whole 
amount  is  paid.  For  example:  a  person  buys 


198  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

furniture  for  one  hundred  dollars.  He  pays 
twenty-five  dollars  cash  and  then  he  pays  four 
or  five  dollars  a  week  until  the  balance  of 
seventy-five  dollars  is  paid.  Such  a  person  is 
paying  instalments  of  four  or  five  dollars  a  week. 

Furniture  dealers  like  to  sell  on  credit  be- 
cause they  can  take  the  furniture  back  if  you 
do  not  pay. 

Buying  on  the  instalment  plan  is  much 
dearer  than  buying  for  cash.  The  furniture 
which  costs  one  hundred  dollars  on  the  instal- 
ment plan  can  probably  be  bought  for  seventy- 
five  dollars  in  cash.  But  the  worst  thing  about 
instalment  buying  is  the  fact  that  many  of  us 
buy  things  we  do  not  need. 

EXERCISES 

What  other  things  are  sold  on  the  instalment  plan? 
Did  you  ever  buy  on  the  instalment  plan? 
How  much  more  did  you  pay  than  if  you  had  paid  cash? 
Why  is  it  bad  to  buy  on  the  instalment  plan? 
Examine  the  newspaper  and  pick  out  the  names  of  stores 
that  do  an  instalment  business. 


LESSON  C 
WHAT  IS  YOUR  ADVICE? 

In  our  house  lived  three  families  whom  I 
shall  call  Blue,  Brown,  and  Black.  They  each 
had  two  children,  a  boy  and  a  girl.  Mr.  Blue's 
boy  as  well  as  his  girl  goes  to  school.  Mr. 
Black,  however,  is  not  so  well  off,  and  either 
the  boy  or  the  girl  will  go  to  school,  but 
he  cannot  afford  to  send  both.  If  he  sends 
the  boy  to  school  the  girl  must  help  her 
mother,  and  if  the  girl  goes  to  school  the  boy 
must  help  his  father;  one  of  them  must  work 
so  that  the  family  may  be  supported.  Mr. 
Brown  thought  that  the  girl  ought  to  go  to 
school  rather  than  the  boy,  because  she  was 
brighter  and  because  she  needs  the  oppor- 
tunity which  schooling  will  give  her.  Mr. 
Black  said  that  although  the  girl  was  brighter 
she  was  more  needed  at  home  than  the  boy. 
What  would  you  advise? 


199 


200  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

EXERCISES 

Fill    the  blank  spaces    in  these  sentences  by  adding 
another  thought  of  your  own: 

Children  must  go  to  school  so  that 

I  shall  learn  English  if  

My  parents  are  wiser  than  

He  does  not  speak  English  because  

This  man  is  very  poor  although  

I  shall  become  a  citizen  when  

Fill  the  blank  spaces  by  using  the  proper  conjunction: 

America  France  are  republics. 

Japan  nor  England  is  a  republic. 

You  are  Russian  he  is  Italian. 

We  shall  go  to  the  country  the  weather  is 

fine. 

The  maid  said  dinner  is  served. 

He  remained  at  home  he  was  sick. 

He  went  to  work  he  was  sick. 

Take  a  seat  in  the  library  .  : in  the  dining- 
room. 

We  finished  our  work  the  clock  struck  six. 

They  will  come  to  school  the  train  is  on 

time. 


LESSON  CI 
OBTAINING  A  LICENSE 

Henry  Stolz  came  to  this  country  from  Swe- 
den. He  was  a  carpenter  in  his  mother  coun- 
try, but  because  he  did  not  know  how  to  speak 
English  he  could  not  find  a  job  at  his  trade. 
He  lived  with  a  family  who  came  from  the 
same  town,  and  they  advised  him  to  rent  a 
pushcart,  buy  a  barrel  of  apples,  and  peddle 
them.  He  did  so. 

The  first  day  he  took  in  three  dollars  and 
twenty  cents,  and  he  figured  that  he  had  made 
a  profit  of  one  dollar  and  fifty  cents.  The  next 
day  a  policeman  came  and  said:  "Show  me 
your  license."  Henry  had  no  license  and  he 
had  to  go  to  court  with  the  policeman.  Then 
the  judge  told  him  that  he  must  get  a  license 
before  he  could  peddle,  and  that  if  he  was  ar- 
rested again  the  judge  would  fine  him  five 
dollars.  Henry  went  to  the  city  hall  and  re- 


202  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

ceived  a  license  for  two  dollars  and  fifty  cents. 
After  that  he  was  never  again  arrested. 

Not  only  pedlers,  but  lawyers,  doctors,  drug- 
gists, and  dentists  must  also  get  licenses  before 
they  may  practice.  These  must  pass  an  exam- 
ination to  make  sure  that  they  know  their 
business.  The  Department  of  Health  gives 
permits  to  milk  dealers  so  as  to  make  sure 
that  the  milk  is  fit  for  human  beings.  It  is 
easy  to  get  a  license,  and  all  good  citizens  obey 
the  law  very  gladly. 

Liquor  dealers,  pawnbrokers,  and  theatres 
must  also  get  licenses  before  they  can  open  for 
business.  In  every  saloon  window  you  will  see 
a  license. 

People  who  wish  to  get  married  must  go  to 
the  License  Bureau  and  get  a  license  before 
they  can  marry.  A  priest,  rabbi,  or  minister 
who  marries  a  couple  must  see  the  license 
before  he  can  perform  the  ceremony.  If  he 
marries  them  without  a  license  he  may  be 
fined  and  sent  to  prison. 


OBTAINING  A  LICENSE  203 

No  one  can  carry  concealed  weapons  without 
a  license.  The  penalty  is  very  severe  for  any 
one  who  disobeys  this  law.  A  concealed 
weapon  is  anything  which  can  harm  another! 
person.  A  revolver,  a  large  knife,  a  razor,  or 
anything  else  which  may  be  used  to  hurt  a 
person  must  not  be  carried  by  any  one  unless 
he  has  a  license  to  do  so.  Licenses  are  re- 
quired for  chauffeurs  and  for  the  holding  of 
mass-meetings  and  parades.  ,  If  you  have  a 
license,  the  police  will  not  trouble  you  but 
instead  will  protect  you. 

EXERCISES 

For  what  must  you  obtain  a  license? 

Do  you  think  a  license  law  is  a  good  law?    Why? 

Can  you  think  of  anything  else  for  which  a  license  ought 

to  be  necessary? 

Must  you  have  a  license  for  your  business? 
Where  can  you  get  a  license? 
Examine  your  pockets.     Do  you  carry  anything  which 

might  be  called  a  "concealed  weapon"? 
How  many  inches  does  the  largest  blade  in  your  pocket 

knife  measure? 


LESSON.  CII 
WHAT  TO  DO  IN   CASE  OF  FIRE 

In  case  of  fire  notify  the  Fire  Department 
at  once.  You  can  do  this  if  you  keep  cool 
and  do  not  get  excited.  If  you  see  a  fire,  go 
to  the  nearest  fire-alarm  box  and  send  in  an 
alarm.  Then  wait  until  the  fire-engines  come 
and  tell  them  where  the  fire  is.  If  you  do  not 
know  where  a  fire-alarm  box  is  go  to  the 
nearest  telephone  and  ask  for  Fire  Headquar- 
ters. Tell  the  operator  where  the  fire  is. 

When  you  enter  a  strange  building  look, 
around  for  the  exits  and  the  fire-escapes.  Then 


204 


WHAT  TO  DO  IN  CASE  OF  FIRE  205 

if  a  fire  breaks  out  go  to  the  nearest  exit  and 
walk  out.  Do  not  run  or  try  to  get  to  the 
exit  before  the  people  in  front  of  you.  If  you 
are  in  school,  and  a  fire  breaks  out,  obey 
orders  and  you  will  be  sure  to  get  out  safely. 
In  all  well-conducted  schools  and  shops  the 
people  are  trained  to  go  out  quietly  and 
quickly.  This  is  called  a  FIRE  DRILL. 
People  have  lost  their  lives  in  theatres  and  in 
shops  because  they  did  not  obey  these  simple 
rules. 

TELEPHONE   CONVERSATION 

"Hello!    I  want  to  report  a  fire." 

"I'll  connect  you  with  the  Fire  Department." 

"Is  this  the  Fire  Department?" 

"Yes.     What  can  I  do  for  you?" 

"There  is  a  fire  at  the  corner  of  State  and  Clinton  Streets 

—opposite  the  hotel." 
"Thank  you.    We'll  send  the  engines  at  once." 


LESSON  CIII 
FIRE  PREVENTION 

When  John  Scutai  came  to  America  he  took 
his  wife  and  two  children  to  a  little  flat  of 
three  rooms  on  the  top  floor  of  a  tenement 
house.  The  other  tenants  in  the  house  were 
his  countrymen  who  spoke  the  same  language 
and  worked  at  the  same  trade.  The  house 
was  a  four-story  frame  building;  that  is,  it 
was  made  of  wood.  There  was  a  cellar  in  the 
basement  of  the  house  where  each  tenant  kept 
the  things  he  did  not  need  or  for  which  there 
was  no  room  in  the  flat.  One  day  Scutai 
came  home  and  found  the  fire-engines  in  front 
of  the  house.  The  building  was  in  flames  and 
the  firemen  were  pouring  water  into  the  house 
from  four  fire-hose.  No  one  was  allowed  to 
go  near  the  building.  He  looked  around  for 

his  wife  and  children  and  at  last  found  them 

206 


FIRE   PREVENTION  207 

sitting  on  a  bundle  of  bedclothes  which  Mrs. 
Scutai  had  dragged  down  when  she  heard  the 
cry  of  fire.  Thanking  God  that  the  family 
was  safe,  he  went  back  to  watch  the  fire.  It 
was  soon  put  out,  but  everything  in  the  house 
had  been  burned.  With  a  sinking  heart  Scutai 
went  back  to  his  wife  and  children  to  look  for 
a  place  where  they  might  spend  the  night. 
He  remembered  now  that  he  had  refused  to 
pay  for  a  fire-insurance  policy  because  it  was 
too  dear,  and  now  all  their  household  goods 
and  their  clothing  were  gone.  Later  he  heard 
that  some  boys  playing  with  matches  in  the 
cellar  had  set  fire  to  some  rags  and  so  caused 
this  terrible  thing  to  happen.  Very  few  of 
the  tenants  were  insured,  because  the  house 
was  so  badly  kept  that  the  insurance  com- 
panies wanted  a  high  rate  for  insuring  them. 
They  all  lost  everything  they  had. 

The  story  about  Mr.  Scutai  is  true.  It 
happens  every  day.  Sometimes  the  results  are 
more  serious.  Every  year  about  two  hundred 


208  ENGLISH  FOR   COMING  CITIZENS 

lives  are  lost  in  fires  and  about  six  thousand 
people  are  hurt.  The  damage  by  fires  is  many 
millions  of  dollars  a  year.  The  cost  of  fire 


CLOTHES   DRYING   OVER    A   HOT   STOVE    CAUSE    MANY   FIRES 

departments    to    fight    fires    in    this    country   is 
over  five  hundred  million  dollars  a  year. 

Most  fires  occur  in  the  homes,  not  in  fac- 
tories, stores,  or  shops.  Somebody  is  careless, 
a  fire  breaks  out,  and  we  never  know  where 


FIRE  PREVENTION  209 

it  is  going  to  stop.  Children  playing  with 
matches  cause  many  fires.  Kerosene  lamps 
explode  if  they  are  too  full  or  if  the  wick  is 
dirty.  Lace  curtains  near  a  gas-jet  or  clothes 
drying  over  a  hot  stove  cause  many  fires. 
Some  people  put  oily  rags,  boxes,  and  rubbish 
in  closets  or  in  cellars.  A  spark  from  a  match 
is  enough  to  set  them  on  fire.  Thousands  of 
fires  are  caused  by  people  who  throw  away 
lighted  matches,  cigars,  or  cigarettes.  These 
fires  could  all  be  prevented  if  people  were 
careful. 

EXERCISES 

How  did  Mr.  Scutai's  house  burn  down? 

In  what  kind  of  building  did  Mr.  Scutai  live? 

Do  you  live  in  a  frame  or  in  a  brick  building? 

How  much  fire  insurance  do  you  carry? 

Where  should  clothes  be  dried? 

Where  is  it  dangerous  to  dry  clothes? 

What  have  you  stored  in  your  cellar? 

How  can  you  prevent  fire  breaking  out  in  your  house? 


ONE  OF  THE  GREAT  LOCKS  OF  THE  PANAMA  CANAL 

LESSON  CIV 
MOSQUITOES 

Before  we  built  the  Panama  Canal  the 
French  tried  to  build  it.  They  had  good  en- 
gineers, good  machinery,  and  enough  money. 
Yet  they  failed;  and  it  was  a  very  small 
insect  that  caused  their  failure  —  the  mos- 
quito! In  warm,  marshy  Panama  mosquitoes 


MOSQUITOES  211 

are  found  in  great  numbers.  They  give  no 
rest.  Men  cannot  eat,  walk,  or  sleep  in  com- 
fort. But  the  worst  was  that  the  mosquitoes 
carried  a  deadly  disease  —  yellow  fever  and 
malaria.  Men  who  were  willing  to  work  in 
Panama  could  not  do  so  because  they  became 
sick;  they  were  poisoned  by  the  mosquitoes. 

When  the  United  States  took  hold  of  the 
building  of  Panama  the  government  first  sent 
sanitary  engineers  and  doctors  to  find  out  how 
to  rid  the  land  of  mosquitoes  and  how  to 
make  it  healthy.  When  the  doctors  and  the 
engineers  learned  enough  about  mosquitoes 
they  made  the  land  safe  for  workmen,  and  the 
Panama  Canal  was  finished. 

EXERCISES 

Who  built  the  Panama  Canal? 

Examine  a  map.     Can  you  understand  why  it  was  built? 
Why  was  it  not  built  by  the  French? 
Why  did  America  succeed? 
What  diseases  does  the  mosquito  carry? 
Who  found  out  how  to  rid  Panama  of  mosquitoes? 


LESSON  CV 
WHAT  THEY  LEARNED 

We  know  now  that  the  mosquitoes  breed 
only  in  water.  It  takes  from  one  to  three 
weeks  for  the  eggs  to  develop  into  full-grown 
mosquitoes. 

The  males  die  in  a  few  days,  but  the 
females  live  a  month  or  longer.  Only  the 
females  bite  or  suck  blood;  the  males  are 
harmless. 

Mosquitoes  lay  their  eggs  in  water  or  in 
low,  swampy  places  which  will  probably  be 
covered  by  water.  The  eggs  develop  into 
worm-like  insects  which  swim  in  water.  From 
these  worms,  or  wrigglers,  the  mosquitoes  de- 
velop. The  best  way  to  get  rid  of  mosquitoes 
is  to  get  rid  of  pools  of  standing  water.  When 
there  is  no  standing  water  there  will  be  no 
mosquitoes.  A  pail  or  a  rain  barrel  will  breed 


WHAT  THEY  LEARNED  213 

enough  mosquitoes  to  make  the  lives  of  thou- 
sands of  people  miserable.  A  few  years  ago 
a  summer  resort  near  New  York  City  was 
closed  because  the  mosquitoes  drove  everybody 


DEVELOPMENT   OF    A  MOSQUITO 

Egg  mass,  enlarged  egg,  hatched  out  larva,  pupa,  and  adult  emerging  from  pupa  case 
(After  Howard,  Miall,  etc.) 

away.  It  was  found  that  a  few  pails  of  water, 
kept  for  use  in  case  of  fire,  had  bred  all  the 
mosquitoes.  The  proprietor  put  fresh  water 
into  the  pails  every  two  weeks,  and  he  had 
no  more  mosquitoes  because  they  could  not 
come  up  to  breathe. 

In    places   where  it  is  impossible  to  get  rid 
of   the   water,    pouring   oil    on    the   water   once 


2i4  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

every  two  weeks  will  kill  all  the  mosquitoes. 
Before  they  are  fully  developed,  mosquitoes 
must  come  to  the  surface  of  the  water  to 
breathe  through  a  very  fine  thin  tube.  The 
oil  prevents  them  from  getting  air  and  they 
die  in  the  water.  The  best  way  to  make  sure 
that  there  will  be  no  mosquitoes  in  our  neigh- 
borhood is  to  see  that  no  water  is  allowed  to 
gather  in  empty  bottles,  tubs,  pails  or  boxes, 
or  on  roofs. 

EXERCISES 

Where  do  mosquitoes  lay  their  eggs? 

How  long  does  it  take  for  an  egg  to  develop  into  a  full- 
grown  mosquito? 

Which  mosquitoes  are  harmless? 

How  can  we  get  rid  of  mosquitoes? 

What  kind  of  water  is  a  good  breeding-place  for  mos- 
quitoes? 

Examine  the  picture  on  page  213.  It  shows  how  the  mos- 
quito develops  very  quickly  from  a  little  worm  to  a 
dangerous  insect. 


LESSON  CVI 
OUR  FOOD 

From  the  farmer  we  get  most  of  our  food. 
We  get  our  vegetables,  our  meat,  our  dairy 
products  from  the  farm.  But  before  it  comes 
to  us  many  people  handle  it  and  make  profit 
on  it. 

Sometimes  food  is  spoiled  by  the  people 
who  handle  it.  The  Board  of  Health  inspec- 
tors look  after  the  food  which  enters  the  city. 
They  take  all  bad  food  and  destroy  it.  They 
take  rotten  fruit  and  dump  it  into  the  ocean. 
They  take  spoiled  meat  and  burn  it.  Bad  eggs 
are  also  burned.  Candy  and  ice-cream  are 
sometimes  impure.  Manufacturers  of  candy  use 
poisonous  coloring  matter  and  they  use  bad 
milk  for  ice-cream.  In  sausages  inspectors  have 
found  spoiled  meat  and  poisons. 

Canned    goods    spoil    sometimes   because  the 


215 


2i6  ENGLISH  FOR   COMING  CITIZENS 

food  was  bad  or  because  they  were  not  prop- 
erly packed. 

In  the  city  the  inspectors  examine  all  food 
which  enters.  In  the  country  inspectors  are 
not  needed  so  much.  Why  not?  And  yet 
much  rotten  and  poisonous  food  is  eaten  by 
people,  and  many  people  die  because  they  eat 
impure  food. 

Inspectors  examine  eggs,  milk,  meat,  fruit, 
and  vegetables.  They  also  go  to  the  depots 
where  food  is  received,  to  the  milk  stores,  to 
butchers,  groceries,  restaurants.  They  examine 
the  wares  on  the  push-carts  and  on  stands.  It 
is  hard  for  a  poor  pedler  to  lose  the  money 
he  paid  for  rotten  fruit,  but  it  is  much  worse 
for  some  poor  people  to  become  sick. 

Do  not  buy  impure  food  because  it  is  cheap. 
It  will  be  very  dear  in  the  end.  Do  not  buy 
uncovered  food  and  candy.  Fresh  fruit  should 
be  washed  with  cold  water  before  eating.  Un- 
covered food  becomes  dusty  and  may  cause 
serious  sickness. 


LESSON  CVII 
OUR  PATRIOTIC  ASSEMBLY 

On  February  22,  1732,  George  Washington, 
the  Father  of  His  Country,  was  born. 

He  fought  for  us  in  the  Revolutionary  War 
to  make  this  country  free  and  independent. 
After  the  war  George  Washington  was  elected 


217 


218  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

President  of  the  United  States.  He  served 
two  terms  of  four  years  each  and  then  re- 
fused to  be  elected  for  the  third  time.  We 
pay  respect  to  his  memory  by  making  his 
birthday,  February  22,  a  national  holiday. 

We  celebrate  Washington's  birthday  in  our 
schools  by  assembling  the  pupils.  The  teacher 
tells  them  what  George  Washington  did  for 
his  country.  Then  some  pupils  make  speeches 
about  Washington.  We  sing  "America"  and 
the  "Star-Spangled  Banner." 

AMERICA 

My  country,  'tis  of  thee, 
Sweet  land  of  liberty, 

Of  thee  I  sing; 
Land  where  my  fathers  died! 
Land  of  the  Pilgrims'  pride.' 
From  every  mountain  side 

Let  freedom  ring ! 

My  native  country,  thee, 
Land  of  the  noble  free 
Thy  name  I  love; 


OUR   PATRIOTIC   ASSEMBLY  219 

I  love  thy  rocks  and  rills, 
Thy  woods  and  templed  hills: 
My  heart  with  rapture  thrills 
Like  that  above. 

Let  music  swell  the  breeze, 
And  ring  from  all  the  trees 

Sweet  freedom's  song; 
Let  mortal  tongues  awake; 
Let  all  that  breathe  partake; 
Let  rocks  their  silence  break, 

The  sound  prolong. 

Our  father's  God,  to  Thee, 
Author  of  liberty, 

To  Thee  we  sing; 
Long  may  our  land  be  bright 
With  freedom's  holy  light; 
Protect  us  by  Thy  might, 

Great  God,  our  King! 


THE  STAR-SPANGLED  BANNER 

0,  say,  can  you  see,  by  the  dawn's  early  light, 
What  so  proudly  we  hailed  at  the  twilight's  last  gleaming? 
Whose  broad  stripes  and  bright  stars,  through  the  peril- 
ous  fight, 


220  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

O'er  the  ramparts  we  watched,  were  so  gallantly  stream- 
ing? 

And  the  rockets'  red  glare,  bombs  bursting  hi  air, 
Gave  proof  through  the  night  that  our  flag  was  still  there. 

CHORUS 

O,  say,  does  that  star-spangled  banner  yet  wave 
O'er  the  land  of  the  free  and  the  home  of  the  brave? 

On  the  shore  dimly  seen  through  the  mists  of  the  deep, 
Where  the  foe's  haughty  host  in  dread  silence  reposes, 
What  is  that  which  the  breeze,  o'er  the  towering  steep, 
As  it  fitfully  blows,  half  conceals,  half  discloses? 
Now  it  catches  the  gleam  of  the  morning's  first  beam, 
In  full  glory  reflected,  now  shines  on  the  stream: 

CHORUS 

'Tis  the  star-spangled  banner:    O,  long  may  it  wave 
O'er  the  land  of  the  free  and  the  home  of  the  brave. 

And  where  is  that  band  who  so  vauntingly  swore 

That  the  havoc  of  war  and  the  battle's  confusion, 

A  home  and  a  country  should  leave  us  no  more? 

Their  hlood  has  washed  out  their  foul  footsteps'  pollution. 

No  refuge  could  save  the  hireling  and  slave 

From  the  terror  of  flight  or  the  gloom  of  the  grave: 


OUR   PATRIOTIC   ASSEMBLY  221 

CHORUS 

And  the  star-spangled  banner  in  triumph  doth  wave 
O'er  the  land  of  the  free  and  the  home  of  the  brave. 

O  thus  be  it  ever  when  freemen  shall  stand 
Between  their  lov'd  home  and  wild  war's  desolation; 
Blest   with   vict'ry   and   peace,    may    the   heav'n-rescued 

land 

Praise  the  pow'r  that  hath  made  and  preserved  us  a  na- 
tion! 

Then  conquer  we  must,  when  our  cause  it  is  just, 
And  this  be  our  motto:    "In  God  is  our  trust!" 

CHORUS 

And  the  star-spangled  banner  in  triumph  shall  wave 
O'er  the  land  of  the  free  and  the  home  of  the  brave. 


THE   PLEDGE  TO   THE  FLAG 

I  pledge  allegiance  to  the  Flag  and  to  the 
Republic  for  which  it  stands.  One  nation, 
indivisible,  with  liberty  and  justice  for  all. 


LESSON  CVIII 
BECOMING  A  CITIZEN  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 

FIRST    STEP:    FILING    THE    DECLARATION    OF 
INTENTION 

Mr.  Nelson  was  very  happy  in  his  new  po- 
sition; still  he  felt  strange  and  not  entirely  at 
home.  His  friends  and  the  other  workmen  in  the 
factory  often  asked  him  this  question:  "Are  you 
a  citizen  of  the  United  States?"  He  heard 
many  other  people  answer  this  question  proudly, 
'Yes,  I  am  a  citizen,"  but  our  friend  had  to 
answer  truthfully:  "No,  I  am  not  yet  a  citizen." 

One  day  Fred  Stone,  his  neighbor,  said:  "To- 
morrow we  shall  have  little  work.  Let's  go 
to  the  court-house  and  get  our  citizenship 
papers."  So  the  next  day  both  men  went  to 
the  court-house.  The  clerk  asked  them  many 
questions  and  told  them  what  to  do  to  be- 
come citizens  of  the  United  States.  He  told 
them  that  they  must  live  five  years  in  this 
country  before  they  could  get  citizenship  pa- 
pers, and  that  the  first  step  toward  getting 


222 


BECOMING  A   CITIZEN  223 

them  is  the  filing  of  a  paper  called  a  declara- 
tion of  intention.  This  paper  is  sometimes 
called  the  first  paper.  Two  years  after  filing 
this  paper  they  must  apply  for  the  certificate 
of  naturalization,  or  citizenship  paper. 

They  decided  (made  up  their  minds)  to  file 
their  declaration  of  intention  at  once.  Each 
one  of  them  answered  the  questions  put  to 
him  by  the  clerk.  They  signed  the  paper 
and  swore  that  what  they  had  said  was  true; 
then  they  paid  the  clerk  one  dollar  and  re- 
ceived from  him  a  copy  of  their  declaration  of 
intention.  The  clerk  told  them  to  keep  this 
paper  and  to  attend  a  night-school  so  as  to 
learn  about  our  government. 

EXERCISES 

(Before  you  file  your  declaration  of  intention,  be  sure  you 

know  how  to  answer  these  questions): 
Where  were  you  born? 
What  is  your  height?    your  weight? 
At  what  place  did  you  board  the  ship  which  brought  you 

to  this  country? 


LESSON  CIX 

BECOMING  A  CITIZEN  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 

(CONTINUED) 

SECOND   STEP:    FILING  THE  PETITION 

Two  years  after  filing  his  declaration  of 
intention  Mr.  Nelson  again,  went  to  the  court- 
house. He  knew  now  what  to  do  because  his 
teacher  had  told  him.  He  brought  with  him 
two  friends,  both  of  whom  were  citizens.  They 
knew  him  well,  and  they  were  able  to  swear 
that  Mr.  Nelson  had  lived  five  years  or  more 
in  this  country  and  that  he  was  a  man  of 
good  character.  These  men  were  his  neighbors, 
and  in  their  talks  with  Mr.  Nelson  they  had 
found  out  that  he  was  a  lover  of  this  country 
and  that  he  always  obeyed  our  laws.  Mi.  Nel- 
son also  brought  with  him  his  declaration  of 
intention.  The  clerk  now  asked  some  other 

questions,  such  as: 

224 


BECOMING  A   CITIZEN  225 

Are  you  married? 

What  is  your  wife's  name? 

Where  was  she  born? 

Where  does  she  reside  (live)? 

Have  you  any  children? 

What  are  their  names? 

When  and  where  were  they. born? 

Where  does  each  reside? 

Then  the  clerk  read  a  long  statement  which 
Mr.  Nelson  understood  very  well  because  it 
had  been  explained  to  him  at  the  school.  Mr. 
Nelson  was  asked  to  swear  to  each  part  of 
this  statement: 

1st:  That  he  believed  in  organized  government  and  that 
he  did  not  belong  to  any  society  which  did  not 
believe  in  such  government. 

2d :  That  he  was  not  a  polygamist  (had  not  more  than  one 
wife)  and  that  he  did  not  belong  to  a  society 
which  believed  that  it  was  right  to  have  more 
than  one  wife. 

3d:  That  he  believed  in  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States. 


226  ENGLISH  FOR   COMING  CITIZENS 

4th:  That  he  threw  off  forever  his  allegiance  to  any  for- 
eign prince  or  ruler. 
5th:  That  he  could  speak  the  English  language. 

Mr.  Nelson  paid  the  clerk  four  dollars  and 
received  a  certificate  stating  that  he  had  filed 
his  petition.  But  he  was  not  yet  a  citizen  of 
the  United  States.  The  clerk  told  Mr.  Nelson 
to  come  back  in  ninety  days,  to  bring  his  cer- 
tificate and  his  two  witnesses.  He  would  then 
be  examined  by  the  court  as  to  his  fitness  to 
become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States. 

EXERCISES 

What  do  we  call  people  who  do  not  believe  in  organized 

government  ? 
To  whom  did  you  owe   allegiance  before  you   came   to 

America  ? 
To  whom  do  we  owe  allegiance  in  America? 


(To  the  Teacher :  Copies  of  the  declaration  of  intention  may  be  ob- 
tained from  the  clerk  of  the  naturalization  court  and  may  be 
filled  out  by  the  pupils  in  the  classroom,  with  the  assistance 
of  the  teacher.) 


LESSON  CX 

BECOMING  A  CITIZEN  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 

(CONCLUDED) 

THIRD   STEP:    THE  HEARING 

Ninety  days  after  filing  his  petition  Mr. 
Nelson  and  his  two  witnesses  again  came  to 
court.  This  time  he  was  taken  into  the  court- 
room before  the  judge,  who  was  sitting  on  the 
bench.  The  judge  questioned  the  two  wit- 
nesses. He  asked  them  what  they  knew  about 
Mr.  Nelson;  how  long  they  had  known  him; 
where  they  first  met  him;  what  kind  of  man 
he  was.  Then  the  judge  asked  Mr.  Nelson 
some  questions.  The  judge  wanted  to  make 
sure  that  Mr.  Nelson  understood  what  our 
government  is,  how  we  are  governed,  who 
makes  our  laws,  and  whether  Mr.  Nelson  had 
read  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 
The  judge  was  very  well  satisfied  with  Mr. 

Nelson's  answers  and  asked  him  to  swear  to  the 

227 


228  ENGLISH  FOR   COMING  CITIZENS 

OATH  OF  ALLEGIANCE 

I  do  hereby  declare,  on  oath,  that  I  absolutely  and  en- 
tirely renounce  and  abjure  all  allegiance  and  fidelity  to 
any  foreign  prince,  potentate,  state  or  sovereignty,  and 
particularly  to  the  King  of  Sweden,  of  whom  I  have  here- 
tofore been  a  subject;  that  I  will  support  and  defend  the 
Constitution  and  laws  of  the  United  States  of  America 
against  all  enemies,  foreign  or  domestic;  and  that  I  will 
bear  true  faith  and  allegiance  to.  the  same,  so  help  me 
God. 

And  now  Mr.  Nelson  is  happy.  Not  only  is 
he  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  but  his  wife 
and  his  children  under  the  age  of  eighteen  also 
are  citizens.  They  all  have  the  same  rights  as 
those  Americans  who  have  lived  a  long  time  in 
America,  or  have  even  been  born  in  America, 
except  that  naturalized  citizens  have  not  the 
right  to  be  elected  President  of  the  United 
States.  The  Constitution  provides  that  the 
President  of  the  United  States  must  be  born 
in  the  United  States. 


LESSON  CXI 
QUESTIONS 

Be  sure  you  are  able  to  answer  these  ques- 
tions   before    you    appear    at    the    hearing    for 
iyour  naturalization  papers: 

What  is  the  form  of  government  under  which  we  live? 

What  is  a  republic? 

What  is  a  monarchy? 

Who  makes  the  laws  in  our  country? 

What  is  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States? 

Who  made  the  Constitution? 

What  are  the  three  branches  of  our  government? 

What  is  Congress  composed  of? 

How  many  senators  are  there  in  the  United  States? 

How  many  senators  are  there  from  your  State? 

How  many  representatives  are  there  from  your  State? 

Where  does  Congress  meet? 

Who  is  the  President  of  the  United  States? 

Who  is  the  governor  of  your  State? 

For  how  long  is  a  President  of  the  United  States  elected? 

229 


230  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

For  how  long  are  each  of  these  elected:  A  representa- 
tive? A  United  States  senator?  The  governor  of 
your  State?  The  mayor  of  your  city?  The  as- 
semblyman of  your  district? 

Who  enforces  the  laws  of  the  United  States? 

What  are  the  duties  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court? 

What  congressional  district  do  you  live  hi? 

Who  is  your  congressman? 

Who    is    the    commander-in-chief    of    the    United    States 

Army  and  Navy? 
How  is  the  President  elected? 
If  the  President  dies,  who  will  take  his  place? 
What  office  does  the  Vice-President  hold  in  the  Senate? 
Who  selects  the  judges  of   the  United  States   Supreme 

Court? 

Who  makes  the  laws  for  your  State? 
Where    is    the   capitol   of    the   United    States?   of  your 

State? 

Who  makes  the  laws  for  your  city? 
Who  is  the  chief  officer  of  your  city? 
Who  elects  the  mayor  of  your  city? 


APPENDIX 

EXERCISES   IN  PRONOUNCING 

Short  i  Long  e 

it  eat 

bit  beat 

is  he?  easy 

hit  /  heat 
grit  greet 

fit  feet 

-  mit  meat 

slit  sleet 

knit  neat 

sit  seat 

These  words  are  pronounced  with  a  short  u  sound  as  in 
but  : 

come        not  calm 
other        not  odder 
mother     not  mudder 
another 

• 

up 
some 

sum 

231 


232  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

wh  is  pronounced  hw : 
when      say  hoo-en 
why       not  vie 
where     not  ware 
what 
who 
whose 
whom 

w  is  pronounced  by  rounding  the  lips  for  whistling  and 
saying  oo,  thus: 

wait  (pronounce  oo-ait)  well 

wine  wood 

window  water 

winter  will 

walk  wander 

wall  weave 

The  sound  of  v  is  made  by  biting  the  lower  lip  with  the 
upper  teeth: 

vine  vim  vent  vaseline 

very  vigor  vice  vomit 

There  are  two  sounds  of  th — voiced  and  breath — these  are 
produced  by  placing  the  tongue  between  the  teeth, 


EXERCISES    IN   PRONOUNCING  233 

but  the  voiced  sound  is  produced  with  voice,  while 
the  breath  sound  is  made  with  breath  only. 

Voiced  sounds  of  th:  Breath  sounds  of  th: 

this  thin 

that  thank 

these  theatre 

those  breath 

them  think 

then  youth 

father  mouth 

there  myth 

breathe  bath 

other  birth 

with  earth 

Sound  of  j  is  pronounced  with  voice — ch  is  pronounced 
with  breath: 

enjoy  children 

joke  chop 

journal  chance 

just  cheat 

jam  Charles 

junk  chat 

George  (g  pronounced  j)  shoes 

German  choice 


234  ENGLISH    FOR   COMING  CITIZENS 

The  ng  sound  is  produced  by  holding  the  breath  and 
allowing  the  sound  to  go  through  the  nose.  Be  sure 
you  do  not  add  a  g  or  a  k  sound  at  the  end  of  the 
word: 

sing  ring  young 

singing  ringing  long 

ng  sounds 

length  bring 

strong  .;     cling 

wrong 

These  words  are  pronounced  as  if  an  additional  g  were 
added  to  the  second  syllable: 

hunger,  hung-ger  stronger,  strong-ger 

linger,     ling-ger  younger,  young-ger 

finger,     fing-ger  English,    Eng-glish 

longer,    long-ger 

The  sound  of  oi  is  made  by  saying  aw-ee: 

oil  toil  broil  choice 

boil  soil  voice  noise 

The  sounds  of  d  and  t  are  often  mispronounced.  The 
sound  of  d  is  made  with  the  voice,  while  the  sound 
of  t  is  made  with  breath  only: 


EXERCISES  IN   PRONOUNCING               235 

dear  tear 

down  town 

do  to 

dray  tray 

dry  try 

dug  tug 

p  is  a  breath  sound:          b  is  a  voice  sound: 

place  blaze 

pit  bit 

putter  butter 

pun  bun 

pin  bin 

pill  bill 

pier  beer 

gh  has  several  different  sounds  in  English  c 

gh  silent: 

daughter  light 

caught  bright 

taught  fight 

slaughter  might 

weigh  night 

weight  dough 

sleigh  through 
neighbor 


236  ENGLISH  FOR  COMING  CITIZENS 

gh  pronounced  as  f: 
cough  rough  enough 

Sounds  pronounced  like  e  in  her: 
her                        verse  hurl 

bird  work  pearl 

girl 


Y 


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